ICAM analysis

Had an ICAM analysis occurred before the incident, could the precursors to error and the deficiencies in the safety system been identified, and thus prevented the accident The precursors to error need to be identified and resolved, thereby breaking the chain of latent conditions and its effects. To conduct a complete ICAM analysis of a particular incident, a full investigation would need to be conducted by the investigation team as soon as possible after the incident had occurred. 

Details of the contributing factors identilied in the case sriufy are included below. Figure 12.2 includes the ICAM Analysis Chart for the incident organizing the causal factors into the four ICAM elements of ... 

Cetin et al. [29] used a HPLC method for the determination of lomox-icam. The measurements were made by using Perkin Elmer 200 Series with UV detector. Cig column was used as an analytical column and analysis were detected at 364 mn. The mobile phase was methanol acetonitrile and aqueous solution of diammonium hydrogen phosphate. Retention time of lornoxicam was 1.87 min. The drug was separated on Ci8 column (ODS Hypersil 5 pm 25 cm x 4.6 mm) with a flow rate of 1.6 ml/min. The linear calibration range was found to be 1-30 pg/ml. 

Time course analysis of gene expression levels using QRT-PCR in the acute phase of the penetrating ballistic brain injury between 3 and 6 h indicates an upregulation in the expression of cytokines TNF-a (eightfold to 11-fold), IL-ip (11-fold to 13-fold), and IL-6 (40-fold to 74-fold) as well as the cellular adhesion molecules VCAM (twofold to threefold), ICAM-1 (sevenfold to 15-fold), and E-selectin (11 -fold to 13-fold). These processes are consistent with the upregulation... 

Silica seems to be a potent activator of endothelial cells in vitro, too. Incubation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) with silica at non-toxic concentrations increased the steady-state levels of the messenger RNA (mRNA) for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-i), and also increased the corresponding levels of this cell-surface protein as shown by fluorescence-activated cell-sorter (FACS) analysis the incubation also increased the level of soluble protein in the culture fluid, as shown by means of ELISA, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, increased levels of IL-6 in the culture supernatants have been found. In addition, a significant increase in coUagenase I mRNA in HDMEC has been demonstrated (Anderegg et al. 1997). 

Cell adhesion molecule gene expression is upre-gulated in ischaemia/reperfusion. Kacimi etal. (1998) studied intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) response to cytokines and acute hypoxia in cultured myocardial cells. Northern blot analysis and immunoassay showed that the proinflammat-ory cytokines interleukin-ip and tumour necrosis factor-a stimulated concentration dependent in-... 

Hopkins, A. (2003). Fault Trees, ICAM and Accimaps A Methodological Analysis. Safety in Australia, 25(2), 13-21. 

ICAM (Incident Cause Analysis Method) is a holistic incident investigation method which aims to identify local factors and failures within an entire organization system e.g. commnnication, training, procedures, incompatible goals, equipment, etc.) which contribute to an incident. 

ICAM allows the investigator to gather data, organize it and carry out an effective analysis by organizing causal factors into foirr manageable elements. These are ... 

ICAM is an analysis tool that sorts the findings of an investigation into a structured framework. An adaptation of the Reason Model is shown in Figure 12.1. The ICAM model organizes ineident causal factors into four elements ... 

G.P. Smith, D. Nash, Local sensitivity analysis for observed hydrocarbons in a Jupiter photochemistry model. Icams 182(1), 181-201 (2(K)6)... 

Other accident analysis and investigation approaches that make explicit reference to supervision as a potential causal factor include AcciMaps (Svedung and Rasmussen, 2002), which diagrams company management and technical, operational, and management failure levels, and the Incident Cause Analysis Method (ICAM) (BHP Billiton, 2001), which addresses inadequate supervision and poor supervisor or worker ratio error modes. 

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