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Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis HPA

The exogenous administration of glucocorticoids can result in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) suppression, which may subsequently lead to adrenal atrophy The degree of adrenal suppression is dependent on the dosage, duration, frequency, time, and route of administration of the specific glucocorticoids. At least one patient who received prednisone for neurological symptoms developed Cushing s syndrome. ... [Pg.512]

Different evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system plays an important role in the regulation of emotional-like behaviour. Thus, the CBi cannabinoid receptor is widely distributed in limbic and cortical areas involved in the control of emotion. The administration of cannabinoid ligands produces emotional-like responses in different behavioural paradigms. Furthermore, cannabinoids also exert a modulatory role on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA), and these compounds modulate the release of several neurotransmitters involved in emotional behaviour, including CCK and GABA,... [Pg.121]

Also, since the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) of the fetus in E+ mares appears to be compromised and results in prolonged gestation lengths in mares, and the associated problems thereof, domperidone may be having some effect on the HPA system since mares receiving domperidone while grazing E+ fescue foal at or near their expected foaling date with normal, healthy foals. And, since ACTH levels in foals from E+ mares are low, and ACTH is the stimulus for adrenal cortisol release and since normal fetal adrenal cortisol levels appear to be... [Pg.491]

In depressed patients, cortical-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity can be explained by the hypersecretion of CRF, and secondary pituitary and adrenal gland hypertrophy. Impaired negative feedback at various CNS sites, including the hippocampus and pituitary are also likely to contribute. Downregulation of hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptors and expression is reported in depressed suicides [50]. In bipolar disorder, hyperactivity of the cortical-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has been observed [51]. This increase in cortical-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity has also been observed in mixed mood states, mania and in depression in rapidcycling patients. Partial reversal of HPA overactivity is associated with treatment and recovery from depression. [Pg.893]

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis A neuroendocrine feedback loop that controls response to stress. [Pg.1568]

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis An integrated neuroendocrine system linking the hypothalamus (noradrenaline and corticotropin-releasing factor CRF) with the anterior pituitary (corticotropin or ACTH) and the adrenal cortex (cortisol). [Pg.243]

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis work together as important modulators of the immune system after exposure to stressors. Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) (catecholamines from the SNS) and neuroendocrine hormones modulate a range of immune cell activities, including cell proliferation, cytokine and antibody production, lytic activity, and migration. This chapter will focus on these two major pathways of brain-immune signaling, briefly summarizing the evidence for SNS and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) modulation of immune function, their influence on immune-mediated diseases, immune modulation in aging, and early life influences on these pathways. [Pg.490]

Psychological stress may influence the immune system by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis (SAM). The well-described innervation of primary and secondary lymphoid tissues by the autonomic nervous system also has been implicated in stress-related modulation of the immune response. These pathways operate by producing biological mediators that interact with and affect cellular components of the immune system.13... [Pg.510]

Children Children may be more susceptible to topical corticosteroid-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression and Cushing syndrome than adults because of a larger skin surface area to body weight ratio. [Pg.2050]

Neuropsychological impairments in mood disorders, particularly those of working memory and executive function, are the most convincing and objective demonstrations of an impairment of consciousness. Since these impairments do not correlate with the severity of the mood disturbance and persist upon recovery they are not simply epiphenomena of the mood disturbance but rather may index trait pathology in susceptible individuals. It has previously been argued that mood disturbance and neuropsychological impairment may result from disturbances in two different neurochemical systems, the serotonin (5-HT) system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, between which there is a close interaction (McAllister-Williams et al., 1998). [Pg.298]

Engelmann M, Landgraf R, Wotjak CT (2004) Interaction between the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system (HNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis under stress—an old concept revisited. Front Neiu oendocrinol 25 132-149 Ermisch A, Riihle HJ, Landgraf R, Hefi J (1985) Blood-brain barrier and peptides. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 5 350-357... [Pg.360]

The serious reactions of long-term therapy (greater than 2 weeks) and the addition of occlusive dressings are reversible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, manifestations of Cushing s syndrome, hyperglycemia, and gluco-suria. [Pg.48]


See other pages where Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis HPA is mentioned: [Pg.608]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.484]    [Pg.307]    [Pg.608]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.484]    [Pg.307]    [Pg.574]    [Pg.393]    [Pg.1317]    [Pg.1024]    [Pg.606]    [Pg.910]    [Pg.688]    [Pg.757]    [Pg.88]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.299]    [Pg.290]    [Pg.263]    [Pg.314]    [Pg.340]    [Pg.62]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.124]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.228]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.13 , Pg.175 , Pg.215 ]




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Adrene

HPA axis

Hypothalamic

Hypothalamic-pituitary axi

Hypothalamic-pituitary axis

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axi

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Pituitary

Pituitary-adrenal axis

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