Hypotension intravenous

Bradycardia is usually responsive to atropine. For hypotension, intravenous fluids should be administered and if unsuccessful, vasopressor therapy should be initiated. Most arrhythmias are refractory to drug management however, treatment should be guided by electrocardiographic changes. Sodium bicarbonate has theoretical disadvantages because of the sodium channel opening. There is no specific antidote. No specific laboratory tests are available. 

Emesis and/or activated charcoal/cathartic may be indicated if the patient is conscious. Eor seizures, diazepam may be administered as an intravenous bolus. For hypotension, intravenous fluids may be indicated. 

C. Because rapid intravenous administration may be associated with vasodilatation and transient hypotension, intravenous injections of unithiol should be administered slowly, over a 15- to 20-minute interval. 

The resuspended and formulated Fraction II precipitate normally contains some aggregated IgG and trace substances that can cause hypotensive reactions in patients, such as the enzyme prekail ikrein activator (186). These features restrict this type of product to intramuscular adininistration. Further processing is required if products suitable for intravenous adininistration are required. Processes used for this purpose include treatment at pH 4 with the enzyme pepsin [9001-75-6] being added if necessary (131,184), or further purification by ion-exchange chromatography (44). These and other methods have been fiiUy reviewed (45,185,187,188). Intravenous immunoglobulin products are usually suppHed in the freeze-dried state but a product stable in the solution state is also available (189). 

If die nitrates are administered witii the antihypertensives, alcohol, calcium channel blockers, or the phe-notiiiazines, there may be an increased hypotensive effect. When nitroglycerin is administered intravenously (IV), die effects of heparin may be decreased. Increased nitrate serum concentrations may occur when the nitrates are administered witii aspirin. 

Anaphylactic patients with impending shock, for example, those with incontinence, sudden loss of hearing or vision, dizziness, or collapse, and those with profound or persistent hypotension, require slow intravenous infusion of a dilute epinephrine solution [0.1 mg in 1 ml (1 10,000)]. Continuous hemodynamic monitoring and dose titration by trained and experienced healthcare professionals are essential. Maximum infusion rates of 5-15 ig/min are recommended in adults [2,18,22]. 

Intravenous nitrates Hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia BP and HR every 2 hours... 

In patients receiving infliximab, monitor for infusion-related reactions such as hypotension, dyspnea, fever, chills, or chest pain when administering intravenous doses. 

Most common Sedation, restlessness, diarrhea (metoclopramide), agitation, central nervous system depression Less common Extrapyramidal effects (more frequent with higher doses), hypotension, neuroleptic syndrome, supraventricular tachycardia (with intravenous administration)... 

Hypotension may be related to alterations in levocarnitine levels during dialysis. Patients who have low levels of levocarnitine may benefit from supplementation. Levocarnitine is administered as doses of 20 mg/kg intravenously at the end of each dialysis session. However, levocarnitine should not be used as a first-line agent for the treatment of hypotension because of the significant cost associated with the treatment. Patients receiving levocarnitine should be evaluated every 3 months for response to therapy.47 Other preventive measures that have not been well studied include caffeine, sertraline, or fludrocortisone. 

Epidural analgesia is frequently used for lower extremity procedures and pain (e.g., knee surgery, labor pain, and some abdominal procedures). Intermittent bolus or continuous infusion of preservative-free opioids (morphine, hydromorphone, or fentanyl) and local anesthetics (bupivacaine) may be used for epidural analgesia. Opiates given by this route may cause pruritus that is relieved by naloxone. Adverse effects including respiratory depression, hypotension, and urinary retention may occur. When epidural routes are used in narcotic-dependent patients, systemic analgesics must also be used to prevent withdrawal since the opioid is not absorbed and remains in the epidural space. Doses of opioids used in epidural analgesia are 10 times less than intravenous doses, and intrathecal doses are 10 times less than epidural doses (i.e., 10 mg of IV morphine is equivalent to 1 mg epidural morphine and 0.1 mg of intrathecally administered morphine).45... 

Severe dehydration leading to hypotension and shock (circulatory collapse). Hypovolemia may not be responsive to intravenous hydration and may require the use of vasopressors. 

In the hospital, he receives fluids and metronidazole 500 mg every 8 hours intravenously. Stool was sent for C. difficile toxin assay, which came back positive. The patient continues to have abdominal pain but no bowel movement. On day 3 of hospitalization, his abdomen is distended with diffuse pain. His white blood cell count remains elevated. A CT scan of the abdomen showed colonic dilatation to greater than 6 cm. The patient became febrile and hypotensive, requiring multiple pharmacologic support for hypotension. 

Etoposide causes multiple DNA double-strand breaks by inhibiting topoisomerase II. The pharmacokinetics of etoposide are described by a two-compartment model, with an a half-life of 0.5 to 1 hour and a (5 half-life of 3.4 to 8.3 hours. Approximately 30% of the dose is excreted unchanged by the kidney.16 Etoposide has shown activity in the treatment of several types of lymphoma, testicular and lung cancer, retinoblastoma, and carcinoma of unknown primary. The intravenous preparation has limited stability, so final concentrations should be 0.4 mg/mL. Intravenous administration needs to be slow to prevent hypotension. Oral bioavailability is approximately 50%, so oral dosages are approximate two times those of intravenous doses however, relatively low oral daily dosages are used for 1 to 2 weeks. Side effects include mucositis, myelosuppression, alopecia, phlebitis, hypersensitivity reactions, and secondary leukemias. 

Intravenous administration of rTNF induces a disease state that closely resembles septic shock accompananied by tissue damage (M28, T12). TNF induces fever, leukocyte aggregation, hypotension, stress hormone release, lung edema, and hemorrhagic necrosis of various organs (T12). 

Intravenous NTG should be initiated in all patients with an ACS who do not have a contraindication and who have persistent ischemic symptoms, heart failure, or uncontrolled high BP. The usual dose is 5 to 10 mcg/min by continuous infusion, titrated up to 200 mcg/min until relief of symptoms or limiting side effects (e.g., headache or hypotension). Treatment should be continued for approximately 24 hours after ischemia is relieved. 

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