Other Preventive Measures

Hypotension may be related to alterations in levocarnitine levels during dialysis. Patients who have low levels of levocarnitine may benefit from supplementation. Levocarnitine is administered as doses of 20 mg/kg intravenously at the end of each dialysis session. However, levocarnitine should not be used as a first-line agent for the treatment of hypotension because of the significant cost associated with the treatment. Patients receiving levocarnitine should be evaluated every 3 months for response to therapy.47 Other preventive measures that have not been well studied include caffeine, sertraline, or fludrocortisone. 

The outer layer of samples (gloves, coveralls, socks, face wash, hand wash, and hat) allowed measurement of the complete dose encountered on the outside of the protective clothing without any subsampling. This eliminated any uncertainty or error due to the highly variable deposition of residues across the body surface. This is the upper limit of the potential dose that could be encountered by the operator, and it is used to assess the effectiveness of the protective clothing and other preventive measures. 

Avoidance of salt depletion and a salt load (500-1000 ml of 0.9% saline) reduce the renal toxicity of DAMB (120-126). Also the maintenance of adequate serum potassium concentrations by replacement therapy may be important and may contribute to kidney sparing (127). Other preventive measures, including dopamine infusion, are of no value (128). 

Immunization Practices Advisory committee (ACIP). Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis recommendations for vaccine use and other preventive measures. MMWR Recomm Rep 1991 40(RR-10) l-28. 

Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Diphtheria, tetanns, and pertussis guidelines for vaccine prophylaxis and other preventive measures. Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1985 34(27) 405-14, 419-26. 

Other preventive measures came into widespread use by the beginning of the twentieth century. 

Although epidemiological data provide the strongest evidence that specific chemicals affect human health, occupational exposure limits and other preventive measures typically are not based on these types of data alone. The number of chemicals to which workers are exposed far exceeds the number of solid epidemiological studies. Therefore, many occupational health standards and protective health measures are based on data from toxicology studies. Consequently, one of the major challenges that faces an occupational toxicologist is how to interpret the results obtained from animal studies and molecular studies for application to humans. 

The magnitude of the problem of cancer and the failure of conventional strategies to effect a marked diminution in the total number of deaths from this disease indicate that other preventive measures must be seriously considered. There are many possible strategies to reduce cancer-related deaths (1) prevention, (2) early diagnosis and intervention, (3) successful treatment of localized cancer, and (4) improved management of nonlocalized cancer. Among these, prevention appears to be the most practical approach for dealing with the cancer problem. 

For fires, in particular, every regulatory system has issued guide criteria and requirements which, in general, necessitate the implementation of a complete fire protection program. This includes provisions for the separation of redundant safety systems, other prevention measures, anti-fire equipment and operating procedures. 

Evaluate each preoperative patient in light of his or her planned surgical procedure for the risk of surgical site infection, and implement appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis and other preventive measures based on that evaluation. 

Protective gloves are reviewed in Chap. 53 and barrier (protective) creams in Chap. 62. The effects of the other preventive measures suggested in Table 4 are evident and need no further comment. The table can be used as a checklist. 

Because of automation and other preventive measures, cases of sensitization to rubber among workers manufacturing it are rare and account for no more than 20% of all rubber allergies (Fregert 1975). Individuals most likely to be sensitized are those in other industries that use rubber, since rubberized products can release allergens over time. This release or blooming of chemicals is particularly likely with direct skin contact, since sweat and humidity are liberating factors. 

The use of safe systems of work raises the question of whether it is sufficient to rely on systems of work as a strategy for accident prevention. To do so means, in essence, that reliance is put on the behaviour of the operators to prevent injury. This philosophy may be suitable for low-risk activities particularly where there are other preventative measures in being, but if it is considered for adoption where the risk is high, such as in the use of machinery, the operators will need to be trained to a very high degree of proficiency and their reflexes conditioned so that they react to any deviation of behaviour from norm. For higher risk operations the cost of such training... 

C-ring tests indicate that zirconium will have a long life in concentrated acids when they are stressed below the yield point. Cracking can be prevented by avoiding high, sustained tensile stresses or by applying other preventive measures. 

Select a more crack-resistant alloy if other preventive measures fail to work. Use high nickel alloys or alloys containing very low levels of nitrogen and other impurities, if present. For instance, purified 16 Ni-20 Cr is not susceptible to cracking. Choose one of the lower nickel duplex stainless steels or a ferritic steel. 

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