Hyperplastic polyp

Commonly, achlorhydria may not be accompanied by other diseases, but in some cases theie is a connection. F01 example, achloihydiia is an abnormality that sometimes occurs with severe iron deficiency. Histalog-fast achlorhydria, resulting from intrinsic factor deficiency in gastric juice, may be an indication of pernicious anemia. Hyperplastic polyps are often found in association with achlorhydria. 

Molckovsky et al. succeeded in differentiating adenomatous from hyperplastic polyps during a gastrointestinal endoscopy [25]. Figure 2.9 shows the in vivo Raman spectra of adenomatous compared with hyperplastic polyps. 

Omeprazole, in a starting dose of 0.7 mg/kg/day, was effective in the treatment of severe esophageal reflux after failed fundoplication in 18 children (mean age at presentation 7.8 years) over a mean follow-up period of 4.4 years (30). It was also well tolerated. A hyperplastic polyp was noted in one child after 38 months of treatment and persisted without any dysplastic change. One to three gastric nodules were seen in three children after a mean of 45 months histology of the nodules showed only mucosal edema. 

The level of ras oncogene protein product p21 (L6) was evaluated in specimens of normal human colonic mucosa, hyperplastic polyps, tubular adenomas, villous adenomas, and the epithelium from a case of ulcerative colitis. Differences in p21 values among all classes of polyps were significant (hyperplastic polyps had values less than tubular adenoma values, which were less than villous adenoma... 

Mochizuka A, Uehara T, Nakamura T, et al. Hyperplastic polyps and sessile serrated adenomas of the colon and rectum display gastric pyloric differentiation. Histochem Cell Biol. 2007 128 445-455. 

Kawasaki T, Nosho K, Ohnishi M, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression is common in serrated and non-serrated colorectal adenoma, but tmcommon in hyperplastic polyp and sessile serrated polyp/adenoma. BMC Cancer. 2008 8 33. 

Owens SR, Chiosea SI, Kuan SF. Selective expression of gastric mucin MUC6 in colonic sessile serrated adenoma but not in hyperplastic polyp aids in morphological diagnosis of serrated polyps. Mod Pathol. 2008 21 660-669. 

Other gastric polyps in children include inflammatory fibroid polyp, solitary hyperplastic polyp and polypoid focal foveolar hyperplasia (Teele and Share 2000). 

Hongo M, Fujimoto K, Gastric Polyps Study Group. Incidence and risk factor of fundic gland polyp and hyperplastic polyp in long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy a prospective study in Japan. J Gastroenterol 2010 45 618-24. 

Small sessile polyps frequently represent hyperplastic polyps. Hyperplastic lesions tend to flatten out in well distended segments, explaining the fact that those lesions might only be visible in somewhat underdistended segments. In that way, those lesions are frequently only recognised on either prone or supine position, and can therefore be mistaken as residual stool. 

Lieberman DA, Prindiville S, Weiss DG, Willett W (2003) Risk factors for advanced colonic neoplasia and hyperplastic polyps in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA 290 2959-2967... 

Sugano K, Fukushima, Yazaki Y (1997) Regression of hyperplastic polyps of the stomach by eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 112 A3 00... 

Fig. 2.8a,b. Gastric Polyps. Double Contrast barium study (a) and Endoscopy (b) demonstrating innumerable benign hyperplastic polyps in the body and antrum of the stomach... 

Gastric polyps are mainly small and an incidental finding, although large ones may prolapse and cause retention-like symptoms. They are divided into non-neoplastic (Fig. 3.31) and neoplastic (Fig. 3.32). Of the former 85% are glandular cysts and hyperplastic polyps, the rest inflammatory fibroid polyps and hamartomas. 

Hyperplastic polyps are the most common polyps of epithelial origin and as a rule are multiple and found throughout the stomach. They have an association with chronic fundic gastritis, and although this presents an increased risk for malignancy, hyperplastic polyps themselves do not have a malignant propensity. At endoscopy these polyps present from small nodules to 15-mm proliferative lesions, with or without a stalk (Fig. 3.30). Biopsy is only necessary in large polyps to establish their true nature. 

Fig. 5.18a,b. Multiple gastric polyps a Double-contrast barium meal showing multiple filling defects in the stomach due to hyperplastic polyps and (b) endoscopic view of hyperplastic polyps in a different patient... 

Hyperplastic polyps account for 75-90% of all gastric polyps (Feczko et al. 1985). Hyperplastic polyps are often seen in the setting of chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis or bile reflux gastritis. Although... 

Fig. 6.2.18a,b. Polypoid lesions, a Coronal reformation. Biopsy-proven multiple hyperplastic polyps of the gastric wall (arrows), b Biopsy-proven adenomatous polyp in the gastric antrum (arrow)... 

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