Hypercholesterolemic activity

Hemotoxic activity. Seed oil, administered orally to human adults, produced thrombocytosis in children, the effect was inactivated by ultraviolet radiation . Hypercholesterolemic activity. Seed oil, administered by gastric intubation to rabbits at a dose of 0.4 g/kg, was inactive " . Male Wistar rats fed 12 or 24% sesame oil in the diet for 4 weeks were investigated. The rats on the 24% sesame oil diet had significantly lower lymphatic cholesterol and fatty acids . 

ASJ Katocs, CH Wang, EE Largis. The hypercholesterolemic activity of the ACAT inhibitor CL 283,546 in raf rabbit and monkey. FASEB J 2 A1219, 1988. 

High antioxidative activity carvedilol has been shown in isolated rat heart mitochondria [297] and in the protection against myocardial injury in postischemic rat hearts [281]. Carvedilol also preserved tissue GSL content and diminished peroxynitrite-induced tissue injury in hypercholesterolemic rabbits [298]. Habon et al. [299] showed that carvedilol significantly decreased the ischemia-reperfusion-stimulated free radical formation and lipid peroxidation in rat hearts. Very small I50 values have been obtained for the metabolite of carvedilol SB 211475 in the iron-ascorbate-initiated lipid peroxidation of brain homogenate (0.28 pmol D1), mouse macrophage-stimulated LDL oxidation (0.043 pmol I 1), the hydroxyl-initiated lipid peroxidation of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (0.15 pmol U1), the cell damage measured by LDL release (0.16 pmol l-1), and the promotion of cell survival (0.13 pmol l-1) [300]. SB 211475 also inhibited superoxide production by PMA-stimulated human neutrophils. 

Rosuvastatin (Crestor ) is the most recent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor to be widely approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemic patients. It has established an impressive record of clinical efficacy and is often prescribed to patients that do not respond well to earlier HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Schuster, 2003). This fully synthetic statin, developed by Astra-Zeneca and Shionogi Research Laboratories, has been shown to potently inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis in rat hepatocytyes (IC50 =1.12 nM). By comparison, pravastatin (5) was > 100-fold less active in the same assay (IC50 =198 nM) (Hirai et al., 1993 Watanabe et al., 1997). 

Uridine diphosphate galactose lactosylceramide galactosyltransferase activity in cultured normal and familial hypercholesterolemic human fibroblasts... 

Inflammation is an important factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. Most clinical studies involving inflammation parameters have been relatively small. The Nurses Health Study involving 727 women was the largest study designed to determine the effects of n-3 fatty acids on biomarkers of inflammation and endothelium activation (Lopez-Garcia et al., 2004). They found an inverse association between ALA intake and plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (a marker for inflammation), Interlukin-6, and E-selectin. Bemelmans et al. (2004) also found an inverse association between C-reactive protein and ALA intake in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study involving 103 hypercholesterolemic subjects. 

Benecol is a brand of margarine invented by a small Finnish food company (The Raisio Group). Research published in the New England Journal of Medicine by Finnish researchers indicates that regular use of Benecol can lower blood cholesterol levels by an average of 10 percent in a randomly selected, mildly hypercholesterolemic population sample. Its active ingredient is a plant sterol from Nordic pine trees known as beta-sitostanol, which apparently can block some of the body s absorption of dietary cholesterol. At present, 5 tons of wood waste are processed to produce 1 pound of the oil that is the source of the sterol. 

Besides anti-oxidant activities, hypolipemic activity was observed from tamarind frait extract in hypercholesterolemic hamsters (76). Treatment of hypercholesterolemic hamsters with tamarind fruit pulp extract (5%) led to a decrease in the levels of serum total cholesterol (50%), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (73%) and triglyceride (60%), and to an increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (61%). 

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