3-Hydroxy-propionate

Hydroxy-propionic acid 1,3-Propanediol, acrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, ethyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid, L-alanine, L-serine, malonic acid, propiolactone, poly(3-HP), poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxypropionic acid) Polymers, fine chemicals Cao et al., 1999 Werpy and Petersen, 2004 Zhang etal., 2004 Patel etal., 2006... 

Cobalt tetracarbonyl anion in such hydroxylic solvents as water or methanol also reacts with epoxides at temperatures of 60—100 and at an elevated pressure of carbon monoxide (2000 Ib./in. ) to give esters of j8-hydroxy acids. Thus, ethylene oxide has been found to react with sodium cobalt tetracarbonyl and carbon monoxide in methanol solution at 65 and 2000 Ib./in. to give methyl 3-hydroxy-propionate in a yield of 55% the remainder of the product was acetaldehyde and an involatile oil. It was also shown that this reaction proceeds almost as well at a much lower pressure (three or four atmospheres of carbon monoxide). ... 

In the presence of a trace of an alkaline catalyst, a 3-hydroxy-propionate ester is formed in a good yield as the reaction with tlic primaiy alcohols is very rapid, it is advantageous to run the reaction at a low temperature with excess of alcohol to cut down the polymerization. This is difficult to avsecondary alcohols which, therefore, give rather low yields of hydraerylic estw. 

We have just spoken of the different action of the alpha-, beta-, and gowwo-halogen acids toward alkalies (p. 233), and of the similar different action of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-hydioxy acids when dehydrated (p. 241). The second of the above acids, viz., the /3-hydroxy propionic acid, shows the reaction characteristic of eto-acids. On heating, or by the action of sulphuric acid, it loses water and is converted into the corresponding ethylene unsaturated acid, propenoic acid, as follows ... 

Propenoic acid is commonly known as acrylic acid (p. 172), and j(3-hydroxy propionic acid is therefore named hydracrylic acid, i.e., hydrated acrylic acid. 

It was found meanwhile that nearly every slim unbranched polymer chain, such as poly(trimethylene oxide) [224], poly(l,3-dioxolane) [225], poly(tetramethylene oxide) [226], polyethylene imine) [227], poly(3-hydroxy propionate), poly (4-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(6-hydroxyhexanoate) [228,229], poly(butylene succinate) [229], polyadipates [230], nylon-6 [231], and even oligomers of polyethylene [232], form a-CD ICs with channel structures. In all of these cases, inclusion is a heterogeneous process, since the guest polymer and its CD complex are almost insoluble in water. Therefore, extensive sonication had to be applied to accelerate the diffusion process. The polymer was also dissolved in an organic solvent, e.g., nylon-6 in formic acid, and this solution was added to the solution of a-CD [231], Alternatively, a monomer, such as 11-aminoundecanoic acid, was included in a-CD and polymerized to nylon-11 by solid state polycondensation within the channels of the IC. Thus, the IC of nylon-11 was formed under conservation of the crystal packing [233-235],... 

Cyclization of a,j8-unsaturated acid hydrazides319 or /3-hydroxy-propionic acid hydrazides1177-1327 forms 3-pyrazolidinones. The /9-hydroxy acid derivatives have usually been cyclized with acid at elevated temperatures. If the hydrazides of aryl hydrazines are used, N-l substitution occurs. It has been reported that a,/9-unsaturated acid hydrazines cyclize by treatment of the hydrazide with nitrous acid (eq. 245),335,479,1028,1029 leading to formation of l-nitroso-... 

SYNONYMS Betaprone, BPL, 3-hydroxy-propionic acid, beta-lactone, 3-propiolactone. 

Synonyms/Trade Names BPL Hydroacrylic acid, 3-lactone 3-Hydroxy- 3-lactone 3-Hydroxy-propionic acid P-Lactone 2-Oxetanone 3-Propiolactone... 

Ethylhydracrylate (2-ethy 1-3 - hydroxy propionate) (U), mmol/mol creat 19-85 19-85 ... 

C5H10O3 3-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester 623-72-3... 

CeHuOs 3-hydroxy-propionic acid propyl ester 4897-95-4... 

C7H14O3 3-hydroxy-propionic acid bntyl ester 4890-38-4... 

RETA.PROPIO. LACTONE C,H,0, HydroacryUc Mid, beta-lactone 3-Hydroxy-propionic acid beta-Lactone 2-Oxetanone Betaprone Propanolide Propiolactone Propionic acid 3 Hydroxy-beta-lactone beta Propiolactone beta-Proprolactonc BPL Acetates, halogeiu, thiocyanates, and thiosulphates 15ft 2.9 ... 

Global petrochemical production of platform chemicals derived from fossil-based feedstocks (oil, coal, gas) is estimated to be aroxmd 330 million tons. The initial output is dominated by building blocks and converted into a staggering number of different fine and specialty chemicals with specific functions (Jong et al., 2012). The US Department of Energy listed out chemicals such as 3-Hydroxy-propionic (3-HP) acid and xylitol, to name just two, which are the potential building blocks for the future (Jong et al., 2012). 

Production of 3-Hydroxy-propionic Acid Using Glucose as a Substrate... 

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