Hydrogen catalytic partial oxidation

Table 6 Catalysts for the catalytic partial oxidation of ethanol (CPOX/POE) for hydrogen production...

The catalytic conversion of heavy hydrocarbons, such as heavy oil or sulphurous organic residues, from the oil industry via steam reforming is not feasible because solid carbon starts to be deposited at temperatures above 800 °C, which renders the catalyst inactive in a short period of time and, furthermore, blocks the gas flow in the reactor. Heavy hydrocarbons are, therefore, converted to hydrogen using partial oxidation (POX). Note that in refineries the term gasification is more commonly used partial oxidation is the scientific terminology. 

A related effort is FORSiM (Fast Oxidation Reaction in Si-technology-based Microreactors) which is funded by the Dutch Technology Foundation and is a cooperative venture between the University of Twente and the Technical University of Eindhoven. The objective of this work is to build and operate the first microreactor for catalytic partial oxidation for small-scale and on-demand hydrogen production61. 

Liguras, D.K., Goundani, K., and Verykios, X.E. Production of hydrogen for fuel cells by catalytic partial oxidation of ethanol over structured Ru catalysts. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2004, 29 (4), 419. 

Derivation (1) By high-pressure catalytic synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen (2) partial oxidation of natural gas hydrocarbons (3) several processes for making methanol by gasification of wood, peat, and lignite have been developed but have not yet proved out commercially (4) from methane with molybdenum catalyst (experimental). 

Freni, S. Calogero, G. Cavallaro, S. Hydrogen production from methane through catalytic partial oxidation reactions. J. Power Sources 2000, 87 (1-2), 28-38. 

Steijns, M. and Mars, P. (1974). The role of sulfur trapped in micropores in the catalytic partial oxidation of hydrogen sulfide with oxygen./. Catal, 35, 11-17. 

Palladium membranes have been known for years, and the concept of a membrane reactor that would allow the continuous removal of a reaction product from an equilibrium controlled reactor has been discussed and to some degree practiced for several decades. Hydrogen production, via some type of hydrocarbon reforming or catalytic partial oxidation, coupled with the WGS reaction CO -I- H2O H2 -I- CO2 (AG° = -41 kJ/mole) is one application for such a membrane reactor. 

COMBINED PLASMA-CATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN BY PARTIAL OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBON FUELS... 

The catalytic partial oxidation is an under stoichiometric combustion of natural gas with air. Thereby carbon monoxide and hydrogen is formed ... 

The catalytic partial oxidation is an exothermic process with an easy thermal management. But the natural gas and air supply to the CPOX reactor is ambitious. On the one hand hydrogen yield and the reforming efficiency are lower in opposite to the steam reforming. On the other hand is the required amount of equipment involved is lower in comparison to the steam reforming. 

P. K. Cheekatamarla and C. M. Finnerty, Synthesis gas production via catalytic partial oxidation reforming of liquid fuels, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2008, 33, 5012-5019. 

Fluid-solid MSR have been extensively used particularly for gas-solid reactions such as catalytic partial oxidations, selective hydrogenations, dehydrogenations, dehydrations, and reforming processes [57, 58]. Similarly to the other reactions carried out in MSR, the main objective was to achieve better temperature control in order to prevent selectivity loss, catalyst deactivation, hot spot formation and, thus, allowing safe processing with high throughput. 

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