Hydrocarbon derivatives ethers

Bisphenol-AF-derived poly(aryloxydiphenylsilane) dissolves easily in a wide variety of organic solvents, including chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons, cyclic ethers, and aprotic polar solvents. 

Additionally, we posit thermoneutrality for equation 11 in order to to derive the enthalpy of formation of the bis hydrocarbon hydroxylamine ether of —73 kJmol . ... 

Of the seven hydroxyl-containing peroxides listed in Table 2, six are tert-butylperoxy derivatives. Although the fert-butyl group kinetically stabilizes the peroxide so that its combustion enthalpy can be measured, its presence makes finding suitable reference compounds such as hydrocarbons and ethers to compare in reactions 2-9 more difficult. Reaction 6 is the only reaction for which there are enthalpy of formation data for the requisite comparison compounds. Three hydroxy peroxides, all from the same source, have remarkably consistent enthalpies of reaction 6 in both the liquid and gas phases. The mean values derived from the viciwaZ-dioxygen substimted alcohols, 2-tert-butylperoxyethanol, 2-fert-pentylperoxyethanol and 3-fert-butylperoxy-1,2-propanediol, are —304.0 + 4.1 kJmol (Iq) and —257.1 + 6.0 kJmol (g). However, these values... 

Dialkylzinc derivatives are inert towards conjugated enones (e.g. 181) in hydrocarbon or ethereal solvents. The discovery that a conjugate addition can be promoted by Cu(I) salts in the presence of suitable ligands L (e.g. sulphonamide 182) opened a new route to zinc enolates (e.g. 183), and hence to the development of three-component protocols, such as the tandem 1,4-addition/aldol addition process outlined in equation 92186. If the addition of the aldehyde is carried out at —78 °C, the single adduct 184 is formed, among four possible diastereomeric products. The presence of sulphonamide is fundamental in terms of reaction kinetics its role is supposed to be in binding both Cu(I) and Zn(II) and forming a mixed metal cluster compound which acts as the true 1,4-addition catalyst. 

Ether A hydrocarbon derivative with the general formula R-O-R. ... 

The range of organic compounds which have been subject to the Simons process is wide and includes aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, halocarbons, ethers, aliphatic and aromatic amines, heterocyclics, thiols, alkyl sulphonic and carboxylic acids, and their derivatives, among others. 

Triacylglycerols and the ether lipids described in the previous section are classified as neutral lipids. Other neutral lipids are alcohols, waxes, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons derived from fatty acids. These sometimes have specific biological functions. For example, fatty aldehydes are important in the bioluminescence of bacteria (Eq. 23-47). 

The heterogeneous class of compounds marked by solubility in so-called lipid solvents (acetone, hydrocarbons, ether, etc.) and relative insolubility in water, has traditionally been called lipids (3). This historical classification, based upon isolation procedures from natural products, is obviously too broad for simple generalizations since it includes triglycerides, fatty acids, phospholipids, sterols, sterol esters, bile acids, waxes, hydrocarbons, fatty ethers and hydrocarbons. For the purposes of this chapter, we will consider lipids to be fatty acids and their derivatives. 

The Birch reduction of aromatic hydrocarbons and ethers to the 2,5-dihydro derivatives proceeds most satisfactorily when the substitution pattern allows the addition of hydrogen to two unsubstituted positions in a para relationship. If this requirement is satisfied, better yields are obtained from more highly substituted aromatic rings than from (say) anisole itself, which affords a substantial amount (20%) of 1-methoxycyclohexene (c/. Scheme 1). Extra substitution presumably hinders protonation at the terminus of the dienyl anion (which would lead to a conjugated diene and overreduction). The utilization of anisole moieties as precursors to cyclohexenones has been of very limited value with many 1,2,3-substitution patterns and more densely substituted derivatives. Compounds (23) to (26), for example, have only been reduced by employing massive excesses (200-600 equiv.) of lithium metal,2 while the aromatic ring in (28) is completely resistant to reduction. ... 

Aromatic acids are reduced by metal-ammonia solutions very much more readily than simple hydrocarbons and ethers. In contrast to the normal requirements for the latter derivatives, it is often possible to achieve reduction with close to stoichiometric quantities of metal. The addition of aromatic carboxylic acids to liquid ammonia (or vice versa) results in the immediate precipitation of the ammonium salt. As the metal is added, however, the precipitate usually dissolves as reduction proceeds, especially if lithium is used. If reduction is carried out in carefully dried, redistilled ammonia, as little as 2.2 mol of lithium are consumed in some cAses, thereby demonstrating that the substrate is reduced much more readily than the ammonium ions, which instead react with the intermediates from reduction of the substrate. However, protonation by NH4 is not essential since reduction proceeds equally well on preformed metal car-boxylates (although low solubility is then often a problem). The addition of an alcohol is not necessary, but it may serve as a useful buffer and can often improve solubility. The presence of alcohol can nevertheless be deleterious, since it facilitates isomerization of the initially formed 1,4-dihydro isomer to the 3,4-isomer and in this way affords the possibility of further reduction. ... 

AI3-28784 Dipropyimethane EINECS 205-563-8 Eptani Exxsol Heptane Gettysolve-C Heptan Heptane n-Heptane Heptanen Heptyl hydride HSDB 90 NSC 62784 Skellysolve C UN1206. Hydrocarbon derived ohiefly from petroleum. Used as a solvent. Liquid mp = -90.6° bp = 98.5° d = 0.6837 insoluble in H2O, soluble in CCU very soluble in EtOH freely soluble in Et20, Me2CO, CeHe, CHCI3, petroleum ether. Ashland Exxon Humphrey Phillips 66 Texaco. 

Aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives which were quite effective as inhibitors are chlorobenzene and diphenyl ether. 

Alcohols are hydrocarbon derivatives with hydroxy groups. Primary long-chain C o-Cig alcohols are the most interesting compounds as surfactants. They exhibit all the properties of nonionics with the exception of micelle formation in aqueous solution. Higher aliphatic alcohols are better soluble in oils than in water. They are widely used as co-surfactants/ emulsifiers and foam stabilizers in aqueous solutions of anionic surfactants. Furthermore, alcohols serve as an intermediate raw material in manufacturing water-soluble surfactants, such as ethoxylated products and ether sulphates [7-11]. 

There are four subfamilies of hydrocarbons, known as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics. (These families will be discussed in detail in Chapters 4 and 5.) The alkane and aromatic families of hydrocarbons occur naturally the alkenes and alkynes are manmade. Both types of hydrocarbons are used to make other families of chemicals, known as hydrocarbon derivatives. Radicals of the hydrocarbon families are made by removing at least one hydrogen from the hydrocarbon and replacing it with a nonmetal other than carbon or hydrogen. Ten of these hydrocarbon derivatives will be discussed in detail in the appropriate chapters associated with then-major hazards alkyl halides, nitros, amines, ethers, peroxides, alcohols, ketones,... 

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