Interspecific Hybridization

Some wild species have larger capacities for osmotic adjustment, a trait which may improve yield during drought (Table 3, Turner, 1986). Interesting examples of this are Dubautia species from Hawaii which differ in osmotic adjustment mainly as a result of differences in cell wall elasticity. Interspecific hybrids can be made which have intermediate properties (Robichaux, Holsinger Morse, 1986). Material such as this could make a basis for the molecular study of differences in cell wall elasticity. 

The use of protoplasts in studies of stress physiology and biochemistry expands the advantages of cell culture systems discussed in the preceding sections. Additional applications are related to the fusion of protoplasts. Intraspecifie and interspecific protoplast fusion greatly enhance genetic variability of the fused protoplasts (Kumar Cocking, 1987). The resulting somatic hybrids provide cells which can be used for selection of specific traits (e.g. environmental stress tolerance) provided by one or both donor cells and for basic studies on cytoplasmic and nuclear inheritance of desired characteristics. 

Bohm, B. A. and Saleh, N. A. M. 1973a. Havonoids of artificial interspecific hybrids in... 

Pacheco, P., Crawford, D. J. and Stuessy, T. F. 1991b. Natural interspecific hybridization in Gunnera (Gunneraceae) of the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. Pac. Sci. 45 389-399. 

RELATIVE ANTHOCYANIN COMPOSITION OF PETALS OF ELPHINIUM CULTIVARS. INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS AND THEIR PARENTS BY HPLC ANALYSIS. RELATIVE LEVEL OF ANTHOCYANIN (AREA PERCENTAGE AT 510 NM) ARE REPORTED (VALUES UNDER 2PER CENT ARE EXCLUDED)... 

K. Honda, K. Tsutsui and K. Hosokawa, Analysis of the flower pigments of some Delphinium species and their interspecific hybrids produced via ovule culture. Sci. Hort. 82 (1999) 125-134. 

Mutant cell cultures gave the possibility to obtain intraspecific and interspecific hybrid cultures of cells with lymphocytes, enterocytes and other not growing or badly growing in vitro cells (Table 2). 

TABLE 2. Intraspecific and interspecific hybrid cells of agricultural animals, obtained in the laboratory of biotechnology (1982 2004)... 

SPEV-TK Blood l3miphoc34 es (BL) SPEVTKxBL-Interspecific hybrid culture Tugizov S. M., Djakonov L. P. etal., 1985... 

SPEV-TK Enteroc34es of cow embryo (ECE) SPEV TK x ECE Interspecific hybrid culture Maidzhy E. V., 1987... 

PO-TK Splenocytes of rabbit (SR) PO-TKxSR Interspecific hybrid culture Savenko N. B., Simonova A. S., Djakonov L. P., 2003... 

Hybrid cultures as well as other permanent lines of cells maintain the deep freezing (-196 C) and are saved this way. One of the problems of hybrid cultures maintenance and cultivation, especially interspecific, is the segregation of chromosomes. Therefore, the control of desirable correlation saving between hybridization partners chromosomes is obligatory. 

GPRT- defective cells appear in population. Using the method of the selective pressure by 5-BDU and 8-Ag, the mutant cultures of cells, defective by the indicated enzymes, are obtained. The intraspecific and interspecific hybrid cultures of cells are firstly obtained in the laboratory of the cellular biotechnology, A4H (SPEV TK- x lymphocytes of horse) and others. Hybrid cultures possess the unique properties. They are the ability to grow in the monolayer and in suspension, the high sensitiveness to the viruses. Hybrid cultures PO-TK-KHLO, PO-TK-KHSO are sensible to the agent scrappy, what allows using them for the study of diseases, caused by prions. 

Zewdie Y, Bosland PW (2000) Capsaicinoid inheritance in an interspecific hybridization of Capsicum annuum x C. chinense. HortScience 125 448 53... 

Schardl CL, Craven KD, Interspecific hybridization in plant-associated fungi and oomycetes A review, MolEcol 12 2861—2873, 2003. 

In plant breeding, obtaining interspecific hybrid is important for introducing desirable genes from wild species to cultivated species. However, it is very difficult to obtain a viable hybrid plant between widely related species. These problems would predominantly come from sexual reproduction such as cross incompatibility, hybrid inviability, etc [118,119]. 

Isolation and characterization of monosomal mouse cell lines and interspecific hybrid cells with single mouse chromosomes... 

Unilateral incompatibility is a phenomenon in which self-compatible species can be crossed as a female, but not as a male, to self-incompatible species (Abdalla and Hermsen, 1972). Pollen tubes fail to penetrate stylar tissue in self-incompatible (female) X self-compatible (male) crosses. Although most diploid Solarium species are self-incompatible, the Mexican species S. verrucosum is self-compatible. Dinu et al. (2005) found that S. verrucosum could be crossed as a female, but not as a male, to self-incompatible species. It is sometimes possible to find exceptional plants that do not exhibit unilateral incompatibility in self-incompatible X selfcompatible interspecific crosses (Pandey, 1962). The identification of such plants allows a breeder to overcome the unilateral incompatibility crossing barrier. For example, exceptional plants ( acceptors ) that accept S. verrucosum pollen and produce fertile hybrids have been reported (Eijlander et al., 2000). It is interesting that some acceptor plants will accept pollen... 

Bae, J., Halterman, D., Jansky, S. H. (2008). Identification of a molecular marker associated with Verticillium wilt resistance in diploid interspecific potato hybrids. Molecular Breeding, 22, 61-69. 

Carputo, D. C. T., Speggiorin, M., Zoina, A., Frusciante, L. (1997). Resistance to blackleg and tuber soft rot in sexual and somatic interspecific hybrids with different genetic background. American Potato Journal 74, 161-172. 

Jansky, S. H., Rouse, D. I. (2000). Identification of potato interspecific hybrids resistant to Verticillium wilt and determination of criteria for resistance assessment. Potato Research, 43,239-251. 

Stebbins, G.L. 1958. The inviability, weakness, and sterility of interspecific hybrids. Advances Genet. 9 147-215. 

Rh, Rhodotorula minuta, Refs. 32 and 335 Kl, Kluyveromyces interspecific hybrid, Ref. 347 U, unidentified yeast (Refs. 355 and 356) D(i), D(ii), two /3-D-glucosidases of a strain of Debaryomyces polymorphus (Ref. 358). Induced enzymic activity, uninduced enzymic activity.c The relative rates are calculated from values of V. 

Hunter, N., Chambers, S.R., Louis, E.J., Borts, R.H. (1996). The mismatch repair system contributes to meiotic sterility in an interspecific yeast hybrid. EMBO J. 15, 1726-1733. 

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