Hybrid type

The out-of-plane vibrations of thiazole correspond to C-type vibration-rotation bands and the in-plane vibrations to A, B, or (A + B) hybrid-type bands (Fig, 1-9). The Raman diffusion lines of weak intensity were assigned to A"-type oscillations and the more intense and polarized lines to A vibration modes (Fig. I-IO and Table 1-23). 

Suites 1 to VIII contain infrared frequencies corresponding to vibration-rotation bands of A, B, or (A-l-B) hybrid types and can thus be assigned to vibrations of A symmetry the corresponding Raman lines are generally polarized. 

A financial analyst looking at a company from a potential common stockholders point of view is hkely to classify preferred stock as debt. In contrast, bondholders and general creditors are likely to regard preferred stock as additional eqmty. Since preferred stock is a hybrid type of security, it may be issued by a company whose management is divided over the question of whether to use equity or debt to finance additional assets. However, preferred stock does have the disadvantage that the dividends are not allowed as a tax-deductible expense. 

A survey within the Fine Chemieal Manufaeturing Organization of ICI has shown that gassy reaetion systems predominate due to established proeesses sueh as nitrations, diazotizations, sulphonations, and many other types of reaetions [22]. Very few vapor pressure systems have been identified that also generate permanent gas (i.e., hybrid type). 

Table 3.2 summarizes the relation between electron arrangement and hybridization type. No matter how many atomic orbitals we mix together, the number of hybrid orbitals is always the same as the number of atomic orbitals with which we started ... 

Another type of neurotoxin found in sea snake venoms is a hybrid type structurally situated between the short-chain and long-chain types. As can be seen in Table IV, two toxins shown here have a long stretch of segment 4, yet there is no disulfide bond in this portion. 

Table IV. Amino Acid Sequences of Sea Snake Neurotoxins (Hybrid Type)...

Each of the functionals included in Table 11-3 shows a comparably good performance for all oxo complexes. The differences between the functionals, be they of pure GGA or hybrid type are in general small. This is even more remarkable if one takes into account that... 

So, in order to provide a macromolecular prodrug of 5FU with reduced side-effects, having affinity for tumor cells and exhibiting a high antitumor activity, the present paper is concerned with the design of hybrid type conjugates of chitin-... 

K Burczak, T Fujisato, M Hatada, Y Ikada. Protein permeation through polymer membranes for hybrid-type artificial pancreas. Proc Jpn Acad B 67 83-88, 1991. 

Essentially nonionic soil-release agents comprise polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyepoxides and polyacetals. These have been used mainly on polyester and polyester/ cellulosic fabrics, either crosslinked to effect insolubilisation (if necessary) or by surface adsorption at relatively low temperature. Polyester soil-release finishes have been most important, particularly for polyester fibres and their blends with cellulosic fibres. These finishes, however, have much lower relative molecular mass (1000 to 100 000) than polyester fibres and hence contain a greater proportion of hydrophilic hydroxy groups. They have been particularly useful for application in laundering processes. These essentially nonionic polymers may be given anionic character by copolymerising with, for example, the carboxylated polymers mentioned earlier these hybrid types are generally applied with durable press finishes. 

Kimura and coworkers have also developed hybrid-type polymersomes composed of polysarcosine-b-PLA ( lactosomes ) [242-243]. The lactosomes are fully biodegradable due to the equipped metabolic pathway for sarcosine and lactic acid. Hence, the lactosome is preferred for in vivo applications rather than for in vitro studies. Indeed, they have demonstrated a potential utility of lactosomes as a contrast agent for in vivo liver tumor imaging [243]. Lactosomes labeled with indocyanine green showed high escape ability from RES, were found to be stable in... 

Number of pairs on central atom and hybrid type... 

Atomic Orbitals Hybrid Type Number of Orbitals Structure... 

With respect to process simulators, we can identify three types, with hybrid types often occurring ... 

The notion of point defects in an otherwise perfect crystal dates from the classical papers by Frenkel88 and by Schottky and Wagner.75 86 The perfect lattice is thermodynamically unstable with respect to a lattice in which a certain number of atoms are removed from normal lattice sites to the surface (vacancy disorder) or in which a certain number of atoms are transferred from the surface to interstitial positions inside the crystal (interstitial disorder). These forms of disorder can occur in many elemental solids and compounds. The formation of equal numbers of vacant lattice sites in both M and X sublattices of a compound M0Xft is called Schottky disorder. In compounds in which M and X occupy different sublattices in the perfect crystal there is also the possibility of antistructure disorder in which small numbers of M and X atoms are interchanged. These three sorts of disorder can be combined to give three hybrid types of disorder in crystalline compounds. The most important of these is Frenkel disorder, in which equal numbers of vacancies and interstitials of the same kind of atom are formed in a compound. The possibility of Schottky-antistructure disorder (in which a vacancy is formed by... 

Ambrus, A., Chen, D., Dai, J., Biabs, T., Jones, R.A. and Yang, D. (2006) Human telomeric sequence forms a hybrid-type intramolecular G-quadruplex structure with mixed parallel/antiparallel strands in potassium solution, Nucleic Acids Res., 34, 2723-2735. 

Carbamate-linked (epi) Quinine-calixarene Hybrid-type CSPs... 

Recently, detailed kinetic studies of the hybrid[type II , 02 - type RH] photo-oxidations of cyclohexane and cyclohexane-dn in both NaY and BaY have been reported. A kinetic isotope effect kulko of 5.7 was determined for X > 400 nm in BaY. This substantial isotope effect, which is nearly identical to the isotope effect on the kinetic acidity of cyclohexane, requires that the proton abstraction step, k, in the alkane radical cation superoxide ion pair be smaller than the back-electron transfer, k, to regenerate the charge-transfer complex (Fig. 18). If kpT were larger than k, the rate expression, Eq. (A) in Fig. 18, would be reduced to Eq. (B) and only a small isotope effect on et would be anticipated. 

Most photo-oxidations that occur via the Frei hybrid type II vOi - type II/ivRH mechanism have been conducted in the absence of solvent, which can shield the substrate from the infrazeolite electrostatic field. The exceptions include the photo-oxidations of easily ionized substrate [50,51] that will react even in solvent slurries [10]. For example, Ramamurthy and co-workers [52] reported that irradiation into the oxygen-CT bands (>350 nm) for a series of 1,1-diaryleth-ylenes, 23, in hexane slurries resulted in the formation of oxidized products via the Frei mechanism (Fig. 19). 

Oxidations initiated by thermally induced electron transfer in an oxygen-CT complex represent the thermal analog of the Frei photo-oxidation and are properly classified as hybrid type IlAOi-type IIaRH oxidations (Fig, 2), Such reactions require either zeolites with high electrostatic fields or substrates with low oxidation potentials. In addition, elevated temperatures are known to promote the thermally initiated electron-transfer step, although the possible intrusion of a classical free-radical initiation chain oxidation at higher temperatures must be considered. 

The second step is a mechanical impact blending process (termed dry impact blending) of the interactive mixture for the preparation of the composite or encapsulated particles. An impact-type hybridization machine with jacket was used (Hybridizer type-0, Nara Machinery Co. Ltd., Tokyo the system is now patented). Figure 13.3.3 is a schematic diagram of the machine for producing the mechanical impacts. A thermometer was set in the circulation route to measure the inner atmospheric temperature of the machine. 

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