Hybrid analytical system

LC/MS is an integrated hybrid analytical system rather than a hyphenated device. The LC plays a role in preparation, separation, and introduction of sample components to the mass spectrometer the mass spectrometer is a detector for the LC, garnering both qualitative and... 

Recently, several approaches have been proposed to overcome the disparity of time scales for certain classes of problems. In order to overcome the problem of stiffness caused by rapid, partial equilibrated reactions in a living free-radical polymerization system, a hybrid analytical-KMC method was suggested (He... 

The ability of modern analytical chemistry to identify and quantify impurities in pharmaceutical products is staggering. It is now routine to elucidate organic impurity structures below the 0.1 %o level, which has led to an increased ability to detect and identify those chemical entities of potential concern for the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals. New developments, such as hybrid MS systems and LC/NMR when fully integrated into the MS-based paradigm, hold the promise of increased efficiency for trace impurity identification with resulting efficiency increases in the overall pharmaceutical development process. 

As always, expectations regarding analytical conclusions should be tempered by an understanding of the modeling challenges. Most significantly, competition for customers is known to be difficult to model in a multi-echelon setting with independent parties. Moreover, the equations that arise in such models are easier to solve with symmetry across channels (e.g., all channels are independent, and identical intermediaries face the same types of demand), but hybrid distribution systems are inherently asymmetrical. For reasons such as these, the models we have encountered have all made some fairly restrictive assumptions. These issues and others will be discussed in more depth in Section 4. 

In addition to its suitability for synthesis of hybrid bio/organic-Tnorganic materials, sol/gel is also a processing technology that can be used for fabricating frmctional coatings, components and devices. Many ofthe new micro-analytical systems utilize microfluidic electronic and optical based bioanalytical platforms, and rely on surface fimctionahzation... 

Kahrobaee, S. Asgarpoor, S., 2013. A hybrid analytical-simulation approach for maintenance optimization of deteriorating equipment Case study of wind turbines. Journal of Electric Power Systems Research 104(2013) 80-86. 

Each type of mass spectrometer has its associated advantages and disadvantages. Quadrupole-based systems offer a fairly simple ion optics design that provides a certain degree of flexibility with respect to instrument configuration. For example, quadrupole mass filters are often found in hybrid systems, that is, coupled with another surface analytical method, such as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis or scanning Auger spectroscopy. 

In summary, it can be said that prior to the development of the thermospray interface there were an increasing nnmber of reports of the analytical application of LC-MS [3] bnt in this present anthor s opinion, based on a nnmber of years of using a moving-belt interface, the technique could not be considered to be routine . The thermospray interface changed this and with the commercial intro-dnction of the combined APCI/electrospray systems in the 1990s the technique, for it now may be considered as a true hybrid technique, has reached maturity (although this should not be taken as a suggestion that there will be no further developments). 

Principles and Characteristics In an attempt to develop a unified sample preparation system for extraction of various matrix/analyte combinations Ashraf-Khorassani et al. [498] have described a hybrid supercritical fluid extraction/enhanced solvent extraction (SFE/ESE ) system to remove both polar and nonpolar analytes from various matrices. The idea is that a single instrument that can perform extractions via pure C02 solvent, and all gradients thereof affords... 

A similar type of biotin-dendritic multimer also was used to boost sensitivity in DNA microarray detection by 100-fold over that obtainable using traditional avidin-biotin reagent systems (Stears, 2000 Striebel et al., 2004). With this system, a polyvalent biotin dendrimer is able to bind many labeled avidin or streptavidin molecules, which may carry enzymes or fluorescent probes for assay detection. In addition, if the biotinylated dendrimer and the streptavidin detection agent is added at the same time, then at the site of a captured analyte, the biotin-dendrimer conjugates can form huge multi-dendrimer complexes wherein avidin or streptavidin detection reagents bridge between more than one dendrimer. Thus, the use of multivalent biotin-dendrimers can become universal enhancers of DNA hybridization assays or immunoassay procedures. 

One of the best tools for metabolite profiling is the hybrid QTRAP MS/MS system (Applied Biosystems).119-121 While the hybrid QTRAP MS/MS was initially considered a premier tool for metabolite identification, it has more recently been seen as a tool for quantitation and metabolite profiling. Li et al.122 described the use of a hybrid QTRAP MS/MS system for discovery PK assays plus metabolite profiling in the same analytical procedure. Because QTRAP MS/MS may be used as a triple quadrupole MS system, it can be used as part of a quantitative HPLC/MS/MS system. Because QTRAP MS/MS also has linear ion trap capabilities, it can be used for metabolite screening and characterization—essentially it combines the capabilities of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. 

Siloxane compounds, in vitreous silica manufacture, 22 414 Siloxane materials, 20 240 Siloxane oligomers, in silicone polymerization, 22 555-556 Siloxanols, silylation and, 22 703 Silsesquioxane hybrids, 13 549 Silsesquioxanes, 15 188, 22 589-590 SilvaGas process, 3 696, 697 Silver (Ag), 22 636-667. See also Silver compounds. See Ag entries Argentothiosulfate complexes Batch desilverizing Lead-silver alloys Palladium-silver alloy membranes analytical methods for, 22 650-651 applications of, 22 636-637, 657-662 as bactericide, 22 656, 657, 660 barium alloys with, 3 344 in bimetallic monetary system, 22 647-648 in cast dental gold alloys, 8 307t coke formation on, 5 266 colloidal precipitation color, 7 343t colloidal suspensions, 7 275 color, 7 334, 335... 

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