Humanity purpose

The characteristic chemical feature of N2 is its stability. Like acetylene, N2 has a triple bond N=N. This triple bond has great strength and vigorous conditions are required to convert N2 into ammonia, NH3, in the chemistry laboratory. This conversion is of great importance as ammonia is employed in enormous quantities for human purposes. 

Natural feedstocks must serve many human purposes. Carbohydrates are valuable raw materials due to their actual or potential value. For example, protein plants are already utilizing rapidly reproducing reengineered bacteria that metabolize cellulose wastes converting it to more protein-rich bacteria that are harvested and then used as a protein source feed-meal for animals. Further, natural materials can be used in applications now largely reserved only for synthetic polymers. Sufficient natural materials are available for the supply of both food and polymer needs. 

This is not unusual at all. As discussed in the answer to exercise 33, there is much overlap between the different sciences. While Baker is interested in how the chemicals produced by the sea butterfly may be used for some human purpose, McClintock is interested in how the sea butterfly uses this chemical in its own self-defense. Here we see two different approaches to the same phenomenon. Aside from learning from each other, studying the same system together allows these researchers to pool their research resources. 

Supercritical carbon dioxide is carbon dioxide that exists at a very high temperature and pressure. Under these conditions, carbon dioxide becomes a supercritical fluid, taking on some of the properties of both a gas and a liquid. For human purposes, supercritical carbon dioxide works well as a solvent. 

An institution, social form, or enterprise that takes much of its shape from the evolving metis of the people engaged in it will thereby enhance their range of experience and skills. Following the advice of the saying Use it or lose it," the metis-friendly institution both uses and renews a valuable public good. As an exclusive litmus test for all social forms, this is clearly insufficient. All social forms are artificially" constructed to serve some human purpose. Where that purpose is narrow, simple, and invariable over time, it may well be that codified, hierarchical routines are adequate and possibly the most efficient in the short run. Even in such cases, however, we should be aware of the human costs of stultifying routines and the likely resistance to rote performance. 

See also the passage referenced in note 2, p. 249 above. Natural forces, like basic science, are non-ownable productive forces. To the extent that science is directed to harnessing natural forces for human purposes, the non-ownability of the knowledge of how to do this would not eliminate the incentive to de etop such knowledge if the natural forces themselves could be privatelyowned. 

From the philosophies of Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates, the Romans inherited a strongly anthropocentric perspective - that nature exists solely to serve human purposes. This view was reinforced in the fourth-century ad when Rome adopted Christianity as its state religion. At that time, the dominant interpretation of the Biblical story of creation held that humans are separate from the natural world and were intended to dominate and exploit it. As time passed, this European view evolved further until the natural... 

Water used for human purposes is delivered in a variety of ways. It is placed in a container to be transported or it is forced by gravity into a system of mains, service lines, and pipes to deliver it to individual users. In both cases the water contacts a surface. Water is a very effective solvent and will invariably extract some chemicals from these surfaces. The surfaces that water contacts are metal, plastic, concrete, or a paint or other type of coating that is applied to the surface. In addition to pipes and containers, there are reservoirs and holding tanks in which similar problems are involved. 

Use current solar income. With very few exceptions, life on Earth is ultimately fueled by energy from the Sun. We are only beginning to learn to harness current solar energy, directly and indirectly, to human purposes. 

The well-being and flourishing of human and nonhuman life on Earth have value in themselves (synonyms inherent worth, intrinsic value, inherent value). These values are independent of the usefulness of the nonhuman world for human purposes. 

Tasks are goal-directed patterns of action performed to achieve human purposes. Tasks are delineated at different levels with respect to their defined goals and their contribution to satisfying a purpose. Low-level tasks combine to accomplish higher-level tasks. Figure 33.1 delineates two tasks at distinct levels an application task and an interaction task. 

Computing technology is increasingly used to support human purposes that require collaborative, contextual, analytic, personalized, and secure interaction in an expanding variety of real-world environments. To meet these requirements, computing and interaction technologies have broadened to support contexts of use that are social, mobile, embedded, and intelligent. 

Also, products with embedded computing technology are likely to be connected and be in communication with other devices or large systems. An understanding of the broader activities being performed with such products and the underlying human purposes they serve is paramount to reaUzing the benefits they can provide. 

Another example of third-generation systems thinking is provided by the work of the Society for Organizational Learning (SoL) and its team members. Their first exposition appeared in the book Presence Human Purpose and the Field of the Future [39], followed by a deeper exploration of the underlying theory, called Theory U The Social Technology of Presencing [40]. 

Senge P, Scharmer CO, Jaworski J, Flowers BS (2004) Presence human purpose and the field of the future. Society for Organizational Learning, Cambridge... 

Animal husbandry began with the domestication of animals for human purposes from around 10,000 to 5000 B.c.E. Sheep were the first to be domesticated, followed by cattle, horses, pigs, goats, and finally chickens and turkeys. A relatively small number of species have been domesticated because they must possess several suitable characteristics that allow them to adapt to interaction with humans. Their diet must be simple to provide (the early domesticated animals depended on grazing and foraging for their... 

Natural feedstocks must serve many human purposes. Select carbohydrates as raw materials are valuable due to their actual or potential nutritional value. For example, already operating are protein plants utilizing rapidly reproducible bacteria which metabolize cellulose wastes. Thus, bacteria are added to a nutrient broth emphasizing cellulose the bacteria feed on the mixture, converting it to more protein rich bacteria the bacteria are harvested and used as a protein feed meal. However, there is potentially available enough renewable carbohydrates to serve both the food and the polymer needs, and research into the modification of carbohydrates must continue at a heightened pitch. 

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