Human tetanus immunoglobulin

What is human tetanus immunoglobulin (anti-tetanus immunoglobulin) ... 

Human tetanus immunoglobulin is a solution of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) containing a high level of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies. It is prepared from the plasma of screened, human donors immunised against tetanus toxin and is administered by intramuscular injection. The product also contains isotonic sodium chloride, glycine, as a stabiliser, sodium acetate and a small amount of sodium hydroxide used to maintain pH. The product is generally well-tolerated. 

The anti-tetanus antibodies bind specifically to tetanus toxin and neutralise the toxin by inhibiting its binding to neuromuscular receptors. This product is used in cases where there is a likely risk of tetanus infection or where clinical tetanus is observed. Human tetanus immunoglobulin should be administered as soon as possible after possible infection. 

Immunosera, which were once very widely used in the prophylaxis and treatment of many infections, are little used today, as vaccines have made some immunosera unnecessary and lack of proven therapeutic benefit has caused others to be relegated to immunological history. Tetanus antitoxin is an exception in that it is a very effective prophylactic that is still used in countries where there are inadequate supplies of tetanus immunoglobulin. Human immunoglobulins have important but limited uses. 

Antibodies Derived from Human Donors Hepatitis A and B immunoglobulins, measles immunoglobulins, rabies immunoglobulin, and tetanus immunoglobulin. 

Tetanus immunoglobulin Human Specificity against toxin of Clostridium tetani... 

Besides the production of polio and tetanus immunoglobulins, the fast growing company concentrated on the fractionation of human plasma on a larger scale. To this end, plasmapheresis was introduced as early as 1963 to increase the supply of human plasma. The application of Cohn s method of cold ethanol fractionation gradually enabled the production of a variety of common preparations, but also e.g. coagulation factor concentrates (factor VII, VIII and IX). Today the company processes about 10 % of the world supply of human plasma. 

A feature that is common to vaccines, immunosera and human immunoglobulins is the maiked specificity of their actions. Each provides immunity to only one infection. This specificity has led to the development of vaccines and immunosera with several different components such as are present in the widely used diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis vaccines that are used to prevent the infectious diseases that commonly afflict infants and young children. 

Specific immunoglobulins, termed hyperimmune globulins, are derived from human donors known to have high titers of the desired antibody. Specific immunoglobulin preparations for use in infectious disease prevention include hepatitis B, rabies, tetanus. Varicella zoster, vaccinia, and cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin. 

TIG is a sterile, concentrated, nonpyrogenic solution of immunoglobulins prepared from hyperimmunized humans. It is used to provide passive immunity to tetanus following the occurrence of traumatic wounds in nonimmunized or suboptimally immunized persons (see Table 122-2). A dose of 250-500 units IM should be... 

ACIP Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CMV-IVIG cytomegalovirus intravenous immunoglobulin DTaP diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine HBIg hepatitis B immune globulin HDCV human diploid cell vaccine (rabies)... 

---