Hyperimmune globulin

Passive immunity can be provided by equine botulinum antitoxin or by specific human hyperimmune globulin, while endogenous immunity can be induced by immunization with botulinum toxoid... 

Antithymocyte globulin (Atgam) is purified immune globulin obtained from hyperimmune serum of horses... 

Immune globulin is isolated from pooled human plasma either from donors in the general population or from hyperimmunized donors. It is used principally in the... 

Respiratory syncytial virus (Palivizumab), (hyperimmune globulin Respigam)... 

ITABLE 10.3. Select hyperimmune globulin or antiserum and therapeutic use... 

The usual dose of Rho(D) immune globulin is 2 mL intramuscularly, containing approximately 300 meg anti-Rh0(D) IgG. Adverse reactions are infrequent and consist of local discomfort at the injection site or, rarely, a slight temperature elevation. Hyperimmune Immunoglobulins... 

Class Immunosuppressant gamma globulin, primarily monomeric IgG, from hyperimmune serum of horses immunized with human thymic lymphocytes... 

A recent presentation by an FDA reviewer noted that for a number of immune globulin products surveyed, no preclinical animal studies were presented in the INDs [14], The immune globulins surveyed included immune globulin (intravenous), as well as hyperimmune globulins both intravenous and intramuscular forms. This situation is likely due to the long history of these products and the similarities in their manufacturing. 

Specific immunoglobulins, termed hyperimmune globulins, are derived from human donors known to have high titers of the desired antibody. Specific immunoglobulin preparations for use in infectious disease prevention include hepatitis B, rabies, tetanus. Varicella zoster, vaccinia, and cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin. 

The risk of postvaccinial encephalomyelitis is reduced by simultaneous administration of hyperimmune Vaccinia gamma globulin (32) or by pre-immunization with an antigen from formol-inactivated Vaccinia virus (34,35). However, cases of postvaccinial encephalomyelitis have been described even after these procedures (32,36). 

Accidental administration of 10 doses of smallpox vaccine to an already vaccinated girl resulted in a clinical picture characterized by neuraxitis with general tonic-clonic convulsions. Complete cure was attained after treatment with hyperimmune antivaccinia globulins and methisazone (38). 

Cytomegalovirus Pulmonary, blood, urinary tract, Gl tract Ganciclovir 5 mg/kg every 12 h foscarnet 60 mg/ kg every 8 h hyperimmune globulins 100-500 mg/kg every 1-2 wk... 

Since hepatitis E is a viral disease, and as such, antibiotics are of no value in the treatment of the infection. There is no hyperimmune E globulin available for pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis. HEV infections are usually self-limited, and hospitalization is generally not required. No available therapy is capable of altering the course of acute infection (WHO 2005). 

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is widespread throughout human populations, specially in Asia and Africa, and it has been estimated that over 200 million carriers exist, some of whom are eventually expected to develop liver carcinoma or cirrhosis. HBV shows a strict tropism for liver hepatocytes in which it displays a protected replication with resultant foci of liver necrosis. The virus is a member of the Hepadnaviridae, along with several other species, and it replicates by a mechanism which appears to be unique to this family. In contrast, hepatitis A virus is a picornavirus and the hepatitis D agent appears to be a viroid-like RNA enclosed within a hepatitis B capsid, and consequently depends upon its association with the HBV for its spread and survival. Control may be effected by passive immunization (with hyperimmune globulin) or by various types of vaccines which are currently being developed and improved. Specific chemotherapy has not been consistently successful, but in some countries (e g., India and China), plant extracts have provided some success. 

Kempe CH, Bowles C, Meiklejohn G, et al. The use of vaccinia hyperimmune gamma-globulin in the prophylaxis of smallpox. Bull WHO. 1961 25 41-48. 

More data are available on exposure of animals to toxin aerosols. Rhesus monkeys were exposed by inhalation to botulinum toxin, type A, in conjunction with toxoid and hyperimmune globulin efficacy trials.32 Exposure to 5 to 10 monkey LD50 (ie, 5 to 10 times the LD50 for monkeys) resulted in death... 

I. Pharmacology. To produce the antivenom, horses are hyperimmunized with Latrodectus mactans (black widow spider) venom. The lyophilized protein product from pooled equine seta contains antibodies specific to certain venom fractions, as well as residual serum proteins such as albumin and globulins. After intravenous administration, the antivenom distributes widely throughout the body, where it binds to venom. 

Hyperimmune serum A preparation of immune serum globulins having high titers of specific kinds of antibodies. 

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