Human immunodeficiency virus injuries

Lentz MR, Westmoreland SV, Lee V, Ratal EM, Halpem EF, Gonzalez RG (2008) Metabolic markers of neuronal injury correlate with SIV CNS disease severity and inoculum in the macaque model of neuroAlDS. Magn Reson Med 59(3) 475-484 Letendre SL, Lanier ER, McCutchan JA (1999) Cerebrospinal fluid beta chemokine concentrations in neurocognitively impaired individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis 180(2) 310-319... 

MasUah E, Heaton RK, Marcotte TD, EUis RJ, Wiley CA, MaUory M, Achim CL, McCutchan JA, Nelson JA, Atkinson JH, Grant I (1997) Dendritic injury is a pathological substrate for human immunodeficiency virus-related cognitive disorders. HNRC Group. The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. Ann Neurol 42(6) 963-972... 

Schweinsburg BC, Taylor MJ, Alhassoon OM, Gonzalez R, Brown GG, Ellis RJ, Letendre S, Videen JS, McCutchan JA, Patterson TL, Grant I (2005) Brain mitochondrial injury in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive (HIV-I-) individuals taking nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Neurovirol ll(4) 356-364... 

All prescription drug abuse may lead to harmful consequences such as accidents, injuries, blackouts, legal problems, and unsafe sexual behavior, which can increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Specifically, each class of drugs has certain potentially life-threatening consequences of abuse. The abuse of opioids may lead to severe respiratory depression and inability to breathe, which can lead to death. Depressants may also cause respiratory depression and may lead to seizures if an addict suddenly stops taking them. Stimulants speed up the body s activities and raise blood pressure and heart rate, and when abused, may lead to a heart attack, stroke, or a seizure. Combinations... 

At the global level, an analysis of the WHO database on burden of disease (http //www.who.int/evidence) shows that most of these deaths result from a handful of causes (WHO, 2005a). Figure 1 shows the major causes of death in children under five years of age. Estimates from the 2000-2003 database attribute 37% of these deaths to neonatal causes, 19% to pneumonia, 17% to diarrhoea, 20% to other — including injuries, measles, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) — and 8% to malaria. 

The ability to prevent viral infections is becoming an increasingly important part of clinical medicine. The interest in the development of new antiviral agents and new uses of these medications is driven in large part by the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and growth of the field of transplantation. Although most of the use of these antiviral agents is well-tolerated by patients, there are a variety of potential kidney toxicities that should be appreciated. The most important of these toxicities is acute kidney injury (AKI), which is the main focus of... 

Alterations in the amounts of Bcl-2 proteins have been associated with diseases in which too much or too little cell death occurs (this is referred to as cell loss and cell accumulation, respectively). These diseases include cancer, autoimmune disorders such as lupus, immunodeficiency associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and ischemia-reperfusion injury during stroke and myocardial infarction, among others [31]. 

Lipton, S.A. (1991). Calcium channel antagonists and human immunodeficiency virus coat protein-mediated neuronal injury. Ann. Neurol. 30 110-114. 

Abbreviations AMD, age-related macular degeneration HC, Hepatitis C DB, Diabetes HD, Huntington s Disease RSV, Respiratory Syncytial Virus DR, diabetic retinopathy DME, diabetic macular edema SCI, Spinal Cord Injury, INFL, Influenza CF, Cystic Fibrosis PD, Parkinson s Disease HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis CMV, Cytomegalovirus. 

Subject and experimental considerations in studies of abstinence Exclusion criteria that applied to all of our subjects include (1) major medical and psychiatric illnesses (2) head injuries with loss of consciousness for more than 5 min (3) evidence of any neurological abnormalities by history or examination (4) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity and (5) excessive illicit drag or alco-... 

Bloodbome pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodbome pathogens. Workers in many occupations, including first aid team members, housekeeping personnel in some industries, nurses and other healthcare personnel may be at risk of exposure to bloodbome pathogens. (OSHA, n.d.)... 

Contraindications toliver transplantation include uncontrolled active extrahepatic sepsis, advanced cardiorespiratory disease, extrahepatic malignancy, active substance abuse, medical non-compliance, and significant irreversible brain injury. A history of previous abdominal surgery, the presence of portal vein thrombosis, or congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava are no longer considered a barrier to transplantation. Co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus is also no longer considered... 

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