RNA mediated interference

Kamath RS, Martinez-Campos M, Zipperlen P, Fraser AG, Ahringer J (2001) Effectiveness of specific RNA-mediated interference through ingested double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genome Biol 2(1) RESEARCH0002... 

Vanitharani R, CheUappan P, Fauquet CM (2003) Short interfering RNA-mediated interference of gene expression and viral DNA accumulation in cultured plant cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 9632-9636. 

Ni B, Shi X, Li Y, Gao W, Wang X, Wu Y (2005) Inhibition of replication and infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus with plasmid-mediated interference RNA. Antivir Ther 10 527-533... 

Elbashir SM, Harborth J, Lendeckel W, Yalcin A, Weber K, Tuschl T (2001) Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells. Nature 411 494-498... 

Duplexes of21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells. Nature 411 494-498... 

Fluorouracil (5-FU) is inactive in its parent form and requires activation via a complex series of enzymatic reactions to ribosyl and deoxyribosyl nucleotide metabolites. One of these metabolites, 5-fluoro-2 -deoxyuridine-5 -monophosphate (FdUMP), forms a covalently ternary complex with the enzyme thymidylate synthase and the reduced folate 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, a reaction critical for the de novo synthesis of thymidylate. This results in inhibition of DNA synthesis through "thymineless death." 5-FU is converted to 5-fluorouridine-5 -triphosphate (FUTP), which is then incorporated into RNA, where it interferes with RNA processing and mRNA translation. 5-FU is also converted to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-5 -triphosphate (FdUTP), which can be incorporated into cellular DNA, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function. Thus, the cytotoxicity of 5-FU is thought to be the result of combined effects on both DNA- and RNA-mediated events. 

Elbashir, S.M., Harborth, J., Lendeckel, W., Yalcin, A., Weber, K. and Tuschl, T. (2001) Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells. Nature 411,494-498. Feinberg, E.H. and Hunter, C.P. (2003) Transport of dsRNA into cells by the transmembrane protein SID-1. Science 301, 1545-1547. 

Montgomery, M.K., S. Xu, et al. 1998. RNA as a target of double-stranded RNA-mediated genetic interference in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 15502-15507. 

Subsequent biochemical studies with extracts of Drosophila embryos showed that a long double-stranded RNA that mediates interference is initially processed into a double-stranded intermediate referred to as short interfering RNA (siRNA). The strands in siRNA contain 21-23 nucleotides hybridized to each other so that the two bases at the 3 end of each strand are single-stranded. The finding that Dicer ribonuclease is required for formation of siRNAs suggested that RNA interference and miRNA-mediated translational repression are related processes. 

Naito Y, Yamada T, Matsumiya T, Ui-Tei K, Saigo K, Morishita S. dsCheck highly sensitive off-target search software for double-stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference. Nucleic Acids Res 2005 33 W589-W591. 

---