Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase

NAKANE H and ONO K (1990) Differential inhibitory effects of some catechin derivatives on the activities of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and cellular deoyriboncleic and ribonucleic acid polymerases , Biochem, 29, 2841-5. 

Catechins and proanthocyanidins have a documented antiviral activity. Catechins from an extract of Cocos nucifera husk fibre exhibited a strong inhibitory activity against acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-l-ACVr) [62]. The use of 10 to 20ngml of ECG and EGCG has been reported to cause 50% inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase [89], while Kara and Nakayama [90] reported that a patented chewing gum containing tea catechins is claimed to prevent viral infections against influenza and to inhibit dissemination of this virus. 

Mashino T, Shimotohno K, Ikegami N, Nishikawa D, Okuda K, Takahashi K, Nakamura S, Mochizuki M (2005) Human immunodeficiency virus-reverse transcriptase inhibition and... 

Prasad VR, Lowy I, Santos TDL, Chiang L, Goff SP. Isolation and characterization of a dideoxyguanosinetriphosphate-resistant mutant of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991 88 11363-11367. 

Rittinger K, Divita G, Goody R. Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase substrate-induced conformational changes and the mechanism of inhibition by nonnucleoside inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995 92 8046-8049. 

In studies of molecular simplification of catechins targeting both human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT) and mutated EHV-RT enzymes, we are able to differentiate the polymerase and strand-transfer inhibiting activities... 

Hsieh, J. C., Zinnen, S., and Modrich, P. (1993). Kinetic mechanism of the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. / Biol. Chem. 268, 24607-24613. 

A potent specific telomerase inhibitor designated as telomestatin, 363, was isolated from Streptomyces anulatus 3533-SV4 <2001JA1262>. Although telomerase consists of several components with DNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase activity in addition to its intrinsic telomerase component, telomestatin specifically inhibited telomerase without affecting DNA polymerase and human immunodeficiency virus-reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT). 

A novel antifungal protein, designated chrysancorin, was isolated from the seeds of Chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum LH Bailey [259]. It inhibits the activity of human immunodeficiency virus-reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT). The protein also possesses antifungal activity towards Botrytis cinerea, Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Physalospora piricola, but not against Rhizoctonum solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Coprinus comatus and a variety of bacteria tested. 

HIV-RT = Human Immunodeficiency Virus- Reverse Transcriptase ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... 

Berberine chloride was evaluated in the human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase assay and found to be moderately active (50 pg/ml < IC50 < 150 pg/ml)[229]. 

The answer is e. (Murray, pp 412—434. Scriver, pp 3-45. Sack, pp 3-29. Wilson, pp 99-121.) The AIDS treatment drug azidothymidine (AZT) exerts its effect by inhibiting viral reverse transcriptase. Thus, it prevents replication of the human immunodeficiency virus. Reverse transcriptase is an RNA-directed DNA polymerase. The RNA of retroviruses utilizes reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA provirus, which in turn synthesizes new viral RNA. AZT inhibits DNA provirus production, but does not directly inhibit synthesis of new viral RNA. 

Fig. 5.7. Activation, incorporation, and chain-terminating action of azidothymidine (AZT), a thymidine analogue, as a reversible inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT).

Furman PA, Fyfe JA, St. Clair MFI, et al. Phosphorylation of3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine and selective interaction ofthe5 -triphosphate ith human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986 83 8333-8337. 

Nakashima, H. Kudo, Y. Kobyashi, N. Motoki, Y. Neushul, M. Yamamoto, N. Purification and Characterization of an Avian Myeloblastosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracted from Sea Mgdit Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1987, 31, 1524-1528. 

Lee WA, He GX, Eisenberg E, CUilar T, Swaminathan S, Mulato A, Cundy KC (2(X)5) Selective intracellular activation of a novel prodrug of the human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir leads to preferential distribution and accumulation in lymphatic tissue. Antimicrob Agents Chemothta 49 1898—1906... 

White EL, Paiker WB, Macy LJ, Chaddix SC, McCaleb G, Secrist JA, Vince R, Shannon WM. Comparisem of the effect of carbovir, AZT, and dideoxynucleoside triphosphates on the activity of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and selected human polymerases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989 161 393-398. 

Gudima SO, Memelova LV, Borodulin VB, Pokholok DK, Mednikov BM, Tolkachev ON, Kochetkov SN (1994) Kinetic analysis of interaction of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase with alkaloids. Mol Biol 28 1308-1314... 

Nakashima H, Kido Y, Kobayashi N, Motoki Y, Neushul M, Yamamoto N (1987) Purifications and characterization of an avian myoblastosis and human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase inhibitor sulfated polysaccharides extracted from sea algae. Antimicrob Agents Chemoth 31 1524-1528... 

M.C. Stanes and Y.C. Cheng, Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase by... 

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