Human immunodeficiency virus assay

Guo, W.-R, Ma, X.-M., Zeng, Y., 2005. Clinical laboratories on a chip for human immunodeficiency virus assay. In Conference proceedings . .. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference, vol. 2, pp. 1274-1277. Available at http //www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/17282427. 

Whitcomb JM, Huang W, Fransen S, Limoli K, Toma J, Wiin T, Chappey C, Kiss LD, Paxinos EE, Petropoulos CJ (2007) Development and characterization of a novel single-cycle recombinant-virus assay to determine human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor tropism, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51 566-575... 

Delwart EL, Sheppard HW, Walker BD, Goudsmit J, Mullins J1 (1994) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution in vivo tracked by DNA heteroduplex mobUity assays, J Vhol 68 6672-6683... 

Coste, J., et al. (1996). Comparative evaluation of three assays for the quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma. J. Med. Virol. 59,293-302. 

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 p24 protein Tomato bushy stunt virus in tobacco leaf No immunogenicity assays performed. 97, 98... 

Assay for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA in peripheral blood monuclear cells can be performed by PCR followed by detection of PCR products by electrochemiluminescence-labeled oligonucleotide probe [Tris-bipyridine ruthenium (II) complex]. Since one of the PCR primers is biotin-labeled at the 5 end, facile capture of the PCR product-probe complex can be accomplished on streptavidin-conjugated magnetic particles, prior to analysis in an electrochemiluminescence analyzer (S3). 

Katsoulidou, A., E. Papachristou, M. Petrodaskalaki, V. Sypsa, et al. Comparison of Three Current Viral Load Assays for the Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Plasma. Journal of Virological Methods 121 no. 1 (2004) 93-99. 

In the application of alkaline-phosphatase-sensitive, triggerable 1,2-dioxetanes, the nucleic-acid hybridization assay is nowadays quite popular . Such techniques include viral load assays for hepatitis B and C and for human immunodeficiency viruses (HBV,... 

Reports that colchicine showed promising activity as an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication (133,134) initiated the synthesis of derivatives of colchicine and thiocolchicine as potential inhibitors of HIV replication in H9 lymphocytic cells (135). Colchicine was found to be slightly active at nontoxic doses. All the other compounds, which were found inactive in this assay, were derivatives of colchiceine and/or A/-deacetylcolchicine. It is well established that both of these structural changes reduce dramatically binding to tubulin, and the reported results are, therefore, not completely surprising. 

Cys202 [208]. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the primary cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In an effort to find new drugs preventing the growth of HIV, Masao et al developed an in vitro assay method of RNase H activity associated with reverse transcriptase (RT) from HIV-1. Some 1,4-naphthoquinones moderately inhibited RNase H activity [209]. Several natural occurring naphtoquinones have showed antiretroviral activity [210-211],... 

Pooling is now considered to be a routine option in blood screening, especially for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There are many reports espousing the benefits of pooled testing in countries across the world, using a variety of assay techniques. 

PCR can provide valuable diagnostic information in medicine. Bacteria and viruses can be readily detected with the use of specific primers. For example, PCR can reveal the presence of human immunodeficiency virus in people who have not mounted an immune response to this pathogen and would therefore be missed with an antibody assay. Finding Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in tissue specimens is slow and laborious. With PCR, as few as 10 tubercle bacilli per million human cells can be readily detected. PCR is a promising method for the early detection of certain cancers. This technique can identify mutations of certain growth-control genes, such as the ras genes (Section 15.4 2). The... 

Stefan and Bokretsion [84] constructed lately an amperometric immuno-sensor based on diamond paste (diamond powder and paraffin oil) impregnated with anti-azidothymidine antibody for the assay of azidothy-midine (AZT, an approved and widely used antiretroviral drug for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection) in its pharmaceutical formulations. The potential used for azidothymidine assay was -1-240 mV vs. Ag/AgCl electrode. 

Larder, B. A., Chesebro, B., and Richman, D. D. (1990) Susceptibilities of zidovudine-susceptible and -resistant human immunodeficiency virus isolates to antiviral agents determined by using a quantitative plaque reduction assay. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34,436 141. 

Japour, A. J., Mayers, D. L., Johnson, V. A., Kuritzkes, D. R., Beckett, L. A., Arduino, J.-M., et al. (1993) Standardized peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture assay for determination of drug susceptibilities of clinical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37, 1095-1101. 

Kaye, S., Loveday, C., and Tedder R. S. (1992) A microtitre format point mutaion assay Application to the detection of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infected patients treadted with zidovudine. J. Med. Virol. 37,241-246. 

Stuyver, L., Wyseur, A., Rombout, A., Louwagie, J., Scarcez, T Verhofstede C., Rimland, D., Schinazi, R. F., and Rossau, R. (1997) Line Probe Assay for rapid detection of drug-selected mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase gene. Antimicrobiol. Agents. Chem. 41, 284-291. 

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