Human immunodeficiency virus , and

Luciw P (1996) Human immunodeficiency viruses and their replication. In Fields BN, Knipe DN, Howley, PM (eds) Virology. Lippincott-Raven publishers, Philadelphia, PA, pp 1881-1952... 

Patients with cancer, human immunodeficiency virus, and other infectious and immunodeficiency disorders Seizures... 

Arthos J, Rubbert A, Rabin RL, et al. CCR5 signal transduction in macrophages by human immunodeficiency virus and simian immunodeficiency virus envelopes. J Virol 2000 74(14) 6418-6424. 

Balzarini J, Schols D, Neyts J, Van Damme E, Penmans W, De Clercq E. a-(1-3)- and a-(l-6)-d-mannose-specific plant lectins are markedly inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus infections in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991 35 410-416. 

Balzarini J, Neyts J, Schols D, Hosoya M, Van Damme E, Peumans W, De Clercq E. The mannose-specific plant lectins from Cymbidium hybrid and Epipactis helleborine and the (TV-acetylglucosamine)w-specific plant lectin from Urtica dioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in vitro. Antiviral Res 1992 18 191-207. 

Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses 1996 424 pages... 

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Lung, edited by M. J. Rosen and J. M. Beck... 

When AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) first came into the news in the 1980s it was a horror story of mysterious deaths from normally harmless diseases after the patient s immune system had been weakened and eventually destroyed. The cause was identified by biologists as a new virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and antiviral drugs, notably AZT (Chapter 49), were used with some success. These drugs imitate natural nucleosides (AZT imitates deoxythymidine) and inhibit the virus from copying its RNA into DNA inside human cells by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase . 

These compounds produce the antiviral effect against RNA-containing viruses (human immunodeficiency virus and vesicular stomatitis virus) and the DNA-containing virus -cytomegalovirus [71],... 

O Sullivan MJ, Boyer PJ, Scott GB, Parks PW, Weller S, Blum R, Balsley J, Bryson YJ. The pharmacokinetics and safety of zidovudine in the third trimester of pregnancy for women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and their infants Phase I Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinical Trial Group Study (protocol 082) Zidovudine Collaborative Working Group. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993 168 1510-6. 

IL-2 has been approved for the heatment of renal cell carcinoma and also has shown good activity in malignant melanoma. Both of these tumors are refractory to chemotherapy. IL-2 has also been used invesdgationally, both alone and in combinadon with LAK cells, with chemotherapy and with other biological response modifier s (BRM s) to d eat a variety of different cancers (e.g., head and neck carcinoma, colorectal cancer, cend al nervous system cancer etc). In addidon to cancer therapy, IL-2 has been used to d eat padents infected with human immunodeficiency virus and it has been used ex vivo to generate antiviral T cells which were reinfused into padents (Lewko and Oldham, 2003 Dorr, 1993). 

The transmission of viral infections by immunoglobulins has occasionally been suspected. However, intravenous immunoglobulin preparations are considered relatively safe, and there are no reports of transmission of HIV or hepatitis B (44,101). This is probably because of the high degree of viral inactivation of the cold ethanol fractionation and the screening of every donation for several viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis B and C (85). Of 56 patients with autoimmune diseases who received 167 infusions of intravenous immunoglobulin, none developed antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B surface antigen (12). 

Berns JS, Cohen RM, Stumacher RJ, Rudnick MR. Renal aspects of therapy for human immunodeficiency virus and associated opportunistic infections. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1991 Mar 1(9) 1061-80. 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Guidelines for Prevention of Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus of Health-Care and Pubhc Safety Workers. DHSS (NIOSH) Pubhcation No. 89-107. Washington DC ... 

Drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus and its clinical manifestations. NR = not reported, IVIG = intravenous immunoglobulin. 

Centers for Disease Control. Guidelines of prevention of 18. transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus to healthcare and public-safety workers. A Response to P.L, 100-607. The Health Omnibus Programs Extension Act of 1988. Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 1989, 38... 

Effects Related to Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS. 403... 

Lenard J, Robson A, Vanderof R. Photodynamic inactivation of infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus and other enveloped viruses using hypericin and rose Bengal inhibition of fusion and syncytia formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. 1993 90 158-62. 

The cells for DFV (dengue virus), FluV-A (influenza virus), RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), PfluV (parainfluenza virus), CDV (distemper virus), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), and HSV (herpes simplex virus) are CV-1, MDCK, HEp-2, HMV-2, Vero, MT-4 (or Hela CD4), and RPM18226 cells, respectively. The cells were suspended in the culture medium at 1 x lO cells/ml and infected with corresponding virus. After 4-6 days of incubation at 37°C, the cell viability was determined by the... 

McCullough, M. Ross, B. Reade, P. "Oral Candida albicans from patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and characterization of a... 

Balzarini, J. Schols, D. Neyts, J. Van Damme, E. Peumans, W. De Clercq, E. a-(l-3)-D- Mannose-Specific Plant Lectins Are Markedly Inhibitory to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Cytomegalovirus Infections In Vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1991, 35, 410-416. 

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