Human flea

Apple PIant-bug Wash. Human Flea Peru... 

Repellents Not Using Human Bait (No Attractant). A treated strip of fabric and a control strip are lowered iato a container of crawling arthropods such as ticks, fleas, and mites. After a predetermined time, the strips are lifted, the animals remaining are counted, and the percentage repeUency is determined. 

Infection with rickettsiae gives rise to a variety oftyphus infections in humans, the intermediate carriers being lice, fleas, ticks or mites. Rickettsiae can occur without harm to these arthropod hosts. 

Rickettsia A microorganism of the genus Rickettsia, made up of small rod-shaped coc-coids occurring in fleas, lice, ticks, and mites by which they are transmitted to man and other animals causing diseases such as typhus, scrub typhus, and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in humans. 

Plague is an infectious disease that affects animals and humans. It is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. This bacterium is found in rodents and their fleas and occurs in many areas of the world, including the United States. 

Adverse hygienic conditions favor human infestation with multicellular organisms (referred to here as parasites). Skin and hair are colonization sites for arthropod ectoparasites, such as insects (lice, fleas) and arachnids (mites). Against these, insecticidal or arachnici-dal agents, respectively, can be used. Endoparasites invade the intestines or even internal organs, and are mostly members of the phyla of flatworms and roundworms. They are combated with anthelmintics. 

Lindane is the active y-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane. It also exerts a neurotoxic action on insects (as well as humans). Irritation of skin or mucous membranes may occur after topical use. Lindane is active also against intrader-mal mites (Sarcoptes scabiei, causative agent of scabies), besides lice and fleas. It is more readily degraded than DDT. 

Uses Temephos is a solid at room temperature and is composed of colorless crystals. As a liquid, it is brown and viscous. It has been grouped by the USEPA under GUP. Temephos is used for the control of mosquito, midge, and blackfly larvae. It is used in lakes, ponds, and wetlands. It also may be used to control fleas on dogs and cats and to control lice on humans. Temephos is available in different formulations, such as emulsifiable concentrates (50%), wettable powder (50%), and granular forms (5%).28... 

Alkyl halides have contributed to human health through their use as insecticides. Since antiquity, people have died from famine and disease caused or carried by mosquitoes, fleas, lice, and other vermin. The black death of the Middle Ages wiped out nearly a third of the population of Europe through infection by the flea-borne bubonic plague. Whole regions of Africa and tropical America were uninhabited and unexplored because people could not survive insect-borne diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and sleeping sickness. 

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), also known as benzene hexachloride (BHC), was discovered in England and France independently in 1942. It consists of five isomers (a, P, y, 8, and e), but only the y isomer exhibits pronounced insecticidal properties, which account for 12% of the total (Table 4.2). The purified y isomer is called lindane. HCH tends to have an unpleasant musty odor, and this odor gives an off-flavor to root and tuber crops, which limits its agricultural use. Conversely, lindane is odorless, so it is the commercial form used currently. It is still used in the control of lice and fleas on humans, livestock, and pets. In 2002, it was banned from food-related uses. 

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