Human Cannon

Mineral Oil and Polyalphaolefin Hydraulic Fluids. No studies were located regarding metabolism in humans or animals after exposure to mineral oil hydraulic fluids or polyalphaolefin hydraulic fluids. It should be noted, however, that hydrocarbons found in mineral oils generally are not expected to undergo extensive metabolism in animals or humans (Cannon 1940 IARC 1984). It may be speculated that polyalphaolefins may undergo limited metabolism of a similar nature. 

The available information indicates that chlordecone is not markedly cardiotoxic in humans (Cannon et al. 1978 Taylor 1982, 1985 Taylor et al. 1978). Rat studies with chlordecone have shown that chronic low-dose ingestion does not cause histologically evident cardiac lesions (Larson et al. 

Plays S (Human Cannon, The Bundle, Jackets, In the Company of... 

A partial solution to this dilemma could be that a large proportion of the protein-rich foods (meat, eggs) consumed by these people came from animals that were themselves fed a C4 diet. We know that dogs typically share the same diet as humans (Katzenberg 1989 Cannon et al. 1999) and are important components of the diet in some sites (eg., Cuello Hammond 1991 van der Merwe et al, this volume). It is unlikely that all the meat consumed by Maya peoples was derived from pure C4 consumers, however, as we have evidence for at least some C3-based animal bones that are presumed to be waste from food preparation. This should a subject of future study to test for the degree of domestication (and consequent feeding on maize) of meat-supplying animals such as turkeys. 

Schinazi RF, Chu CK, Peck A, McMillan A, Mathis R, Cannon D, Jeong L-S, Beach JW, Choi W-B, Yeola S, Liotta DC. Activities of the four optical isomers of 2, 3 -dideoxy-3 -thiacytidine (BCH-189) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human lymphocytes. Antimicrob Agents Chemo-ther 1992 36 672-676. 

Schinazi RF, McMillan A, Cannon D, Mathis R, Lloyd RM, Peck A, Sommadossi J-P, St Clair M, Wilson J, Furman PA, Painter G, Choi W-B, Liotta DC. Selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency viruses by racemates and enantiomers of cis-5-fluoro-l-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3-ox-athiolan-5-yl]cytosine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992 36 2423-2431. 

Schinazi RF, Lloyd RM Jr, Nguyen M-H, Cannon DL, McMillan A, Ilksoy N, Chu CK, Liotta DC, Bazmi HZ, Mellors JW. Characterization of human immunodeficiency viruses resistant to oxathiolane-cytosine nucleosides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993 37 875-881. 

No studies were located regarding death in humans following inhalation exposure to mirex. No deaths were reported to result from exposure to chlordecone (Cannon et al. 1978 Taylor et al. 

Body Weight Effects. No studies were located regarding body weight effects in humans following inhalation exposure to mirex. Twenty-seven of 133 workers examined as a result of intermediate- or chronic-duration exposures to chlordecone experienced weight loss (Cannon et al. 1978). Weight loss (up to 60 pounds in 4 months) was reported in 10 of 23 workers with blood chlordecone levels in excess of 2 pg/L (Taylor et al. 1978). 

No information is available regarding the effects of acute-duration exposure to chlordecone in humans following inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure. Some information is available regarding the effects of acute-duration exposure to chlordecone in animals by the oral route of administration (Cannon and Kimbrough 1979 Chernoff and Rogers 1976 Davis and Mehendale 1980 Desaiah... 

The only information available for humans exposed to chlordecone pertains to a study of intermediate-to-chronic occupational exposures (exact durations not recorded) of one group of individuals employed at a facility in Hopewell, Virginia. Chlordecone was manufactured in this facility for 21--22 months because of poor hygiene at the facility, exposure by all routes was likely. In addition, concomitant exposure to a precursor was possible. Several studies have been published to describe the toxicity in this human population (Cannon et al. 1978 Taylor 1982, 1985), and results of these studies will be considered here. These results pertain to the chronic-duration exposure also. No deaths were reported (Cannon et al. 1978 Taylor et al. 1978). Skeletal muscle biopsy was conducted on six workers who experienced adverse neurological clinical signs (such as tremors) as well as muscle weakness and incoordination (Martinez et al. 1978). Abnormal histological and biochemical indices were revealed in this tissue. Joint pain was also reported (Taylor 1982, 1985). 

Further human data should be gathered for intermediate-duration exposure to chlordecone by all routes. Human data were either absent (gastrointestinal, hematological, or renal effects) or limited to a population study with major restrictions (Cannon et al. 1978 Guzelian 1982a Landrigen et al. 

The only information available for humans exposed to chlordecone pertains to the intermediate-to-chronic occupational exposure study previously discussed in the intermediate-duration section (see the above section for a description of intermediate-to-chronic toxicity of chlordecone in humans). These studies are limited in usefulness because the exposures were to more than one substance in a facility where exposure by all routes was likely (Cannon et al. 

Adequate information is available regarding chlordecone levels in blood of occupationally exposed workers and their families during 1974--1975 employed at the Hopewell, Virginia site. (Cannon et al. 1978 Epstein 1978 Knishkowy and Baker 1986 Taylor et al. 1978). More recent information for mirex and chlordecone would be helpful in determining where human exposure is of greatest concern. 

Sikov MR, Cannon WC, Carr DB Teratologic Assessment of Butylene Oxide, Styrene Oxide and Methyl Bromide. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No 81-124. US Department of Health and Human Services, July 1981... 

Morrill JA, Brown RH, Jr., Cannon SC (1998) Gating of the L-type Ca channel in human skeletal myotubes an activation defect caused by the hypokalemic periodic paralysis mutation R528H. J Neurosci 18 10320-10334. 

Joo EJ, Lee JH, Cannon TD, Price RA. 1999. Possible association between schizophrenia and a CAG repeat polymorphism in the spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) gene on human chromosome 6p23. Psychiatr Genet 9 7-11. 

Ayehunie, S., Cannon, C., Lamore, S., Kubilus, J., Anderson, D. J., Pudney, J., and Klausner, M. (2006), Organotypic human vaginal-ectocervical tissue model for irritation studies of spermicides, microbicides, and feminine-care products, Toxicol. In Vitro, 20, 689-698. 

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