Histological abnormalities

A randomized placebo-controlled trial found that 39% of the tamoxifen-treated women had an endometrial abnormality, a percentage that was reduced to 10% of women on placebo (p < 0.0001) (Kedar et al. 1994), though no cases of endometrial cancer were diagnosed in this study. The histological abnormalities found in the tamoxifen group were atypical hyperplasia (16%), proliferative endometrium (13%), polyps (8%), or presence of mitosis (2%). The authors concluded that the predicative value of an endometrium thickness... 

A wide spectrum of hepatic lesions has been reported in AIDS (H4), but it is not known whether the changes are related to the presence of HIV-1. Therefore, sections from livers of autopsied patients with AIDS were examined for the presence of HIV-1 antigen p 24 (core) and gp 41 (envelope) by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex methods using monoclonal antibodies. The most common histologic abnormalities were steatosis, portal inflammation, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, and focal hepatocellular and bile duct damage. Immunoreactivity for HIV-1 antigens was demonstrated in 80% of cases. 

No significant histological abnormalities of the lungs were detected in rhesus monkeys, rats, or mice exposed to 5 ppm phenol continuously for 90 days (Sandage 1961). 

In a study reported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI 1980), rats exposed to 16-1,694 mg/kg/day (100-10,000 mg/L) and mice exposed to 25-2,642 mg/kg/day (100-10,000 mg/L) phenol in drinking water exhibited no indication of histopathological effects on the respiratory system after 13 weeks of exposure. No histological abnormalities of the respiratory tract were observed in rats or mice exposed to 2,500 or 5,000 ppm phenol in drinking water for 103 weeks (mg/kg/day doses 322 or 645 for male rats 360 or 721 for female rats 590 or 1,180 for male mice 602 or 1,204 for female mice) (NCI 1980). 

Histological abnormalities in mice at the maximum tolerated dose were confined to the intestinal tract. This was characterised by villus atrophy,... 

Batigelli et al. [139] explored the possibility of using the synthesis rate of tritiated thymidine-labelled DNA as a measure of cellular reaction to injury. However, the technique would appear to offer little advantage over other methods as results indicate that the response is coincident with histological abnormalities. 

Stephens, J., and Lewin, E., Serum enzyme variations and histological abnormalities in the carrier state in Duchenne dystrophy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psy-chiat. 28, 104-108 (1965). 

Developmental Effects. NDMA was fetotoxic to rats at oral doses that were toxic to the mother. Limited data indicate that these doses were not teratogenic for the rats. Oral administration of NDMA to mice resulted in increased perinatal deaths without histological abnormalities. It is not known whether NDMA could cause developmental effects in humans, but it cou be a potential developmental toxicant at doses which are toxic to pregnant women. 

The prevalence of postgastrectomy osteomalacia (M20) depends largely on definition. Minor histological abnormalities are demonstrable in at least 12% of gastrectomized patients clinical cases are relatively rare (E5, G5). Serum alkaline phosphatase activities in patients with severe forms of this disorder may be as high as 5 times the upper reference limit, whereas in patients with milder forms, the values are usually normal (G5). 

After successful renal transplantation, the various biochemical and histological abnormalities associated with azotemic osteodystrophy... 

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