Hubbert

M. K. Hubbert, in Resources andMan, National Geological Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1969, Chapt. 8. 

M. K. Hubbert and D. G. Willis. Mechanics of hydraulic fracturing. Transactions of AIME, 1957. 

Hubbert, M. K., 1940, The theory of ground-water motion. Journal of Geology 48, 785-944. 

In 1956 a well-known geophysicist, M. King Hubbert predicted that U.S. oil production would peak in 1970 as it did. In 1969 Hubbert predicted that world oil production would peak in 2000. Some suggest that the peak is occurring now. Official USGS studies place the peak in 2036. 

The present refining and delivery system for gasoline is stretched thin. Sudden events, such as Hurricane Katrina, can result in shortages causing price jumps around the country. Hubbert s prediction is frequently challenged. The world seems so vast that there must be more oil, but oil is a finite resource that will run out some time. If we prepare for other forms of energy, that transition will be smoother. If we are unprepared there may... 

Bartlett, A. (2000). An analysis of US and world oil production patterns using Hubbert-style curves. Mathematical Geology, 32 (1), 1-17. 

Deffeyes, K. S. (2001). Hubbert s Peak The Impending World Oil Shortage. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press. 

Laherrere, J. H. (2000). The Hubbert Curve Its Strengths and Weaknesses. http //dieoff.com/pagel91.htm. 

The consumption of nonrenewable materials tends to exhibit a classic relationship, which was first demonstrated by M. King Hubbert in an analysis of oil production from the 48 contiguous states of the USA. The shape of this Hubbert curve is similar to, although not identical with, a normal distribution (Figure 1.1). With some variation, this pattern of production/consumption is exhibited for all nonrenewables. The finite life span of nonrenewable reserves has been commented upon by many workers in the area. 

Hubbert MK (1949) Energy from fossil fuels. Science 109 103-109. 

Deffeyes KS (1981) Beyond oil the view from Hubbert s peak. Farrar Straus and Giroux, New York... 

Hubbert (2) shows a graph of the estimated world use of the available fossil energy by combustion. The area under the curves represents the 50 X 1018 kcal. of energy thought to be available. Consumption patterns are shown by curves A and B. The small black space at the lower left hand comer shows the energy which has been burned so far. From this it is seen that fundamental and applied combustion research has a tremendous payoff potential in the near (100 years) future. 

Once the hydrocarbons have been solubilized in the formation water, they move with the water under the influence of elevation and pressure (fluid), thermal, electroosmotic and chemicoosmotic potentials. Of these, the fluid potential is the most important and the best known. The fluid potential is defined as the amount of work required to transport a unit mass of fluid from an arbitrary chosen datum (usually sea level) and state to the position and state of the point considered. The classic work of Hubbert (192) on the theory of groundwater motion was the first published account of the basinwide flow of fluids that considered the problem in exact mathematical terms as a steady-state phenomenon. His concept of formation fluid flow is shown in Figure 3A. However, incongruities in the relation between total hydraulic head and depth below surface in topographic low areas suggested that Hubbert s model was incomplete (193). Expanding on the work of Hubbert, Toth (194, 195) introduced a mathematical mfcdel in which exact flow patterns are... 

Figure 3. Development of fluid flow models (A) Hubbert (192), (B) Toth (194,195), (C) Freeze and Witherspoon (196-198)...

Production Peaks, Depletion Signals [2] Lynch, M.C. Petroleum Resources Pessimism Debunked in Hubbert Model and Hubbert Modelers Assessment. Oil and Gas Journal, July 14, 2003 [3],... 

Howe, Charles W., 1979, Natural Resource Economics , Wiley, Chchester Hubbert, K., 1971, World Oil, from Energy and Power... 

Hubbert M.K. (1970) Energy resources for power production, Proc. IAEA Sym. Environmental Aspects of Nuclear Power Stations, IAEA-SM-146/1. 

Dawson PA, Hubbert M, Haywood J, et al. The heteromeric organic solute transporter alpha-beta, Ostalpha-Ostbeta, is an ileal basolateral bile acid transporter. J Biol Chem 2005 280 6960-6968. 

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