HSV-1 replication

In a recent investigation of phenolic compounds tested, using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected Vero cells, caffeic acid has been reported to inhibit virus replication [91], In a related study [92], chlorogenic acid significantly inhibited acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 replication without any cytotoxicity. However, flavonoids have exhibited cytotoxicity at the same concentration [92],... 

When virus was added to the solution of SDB and incubated for 3 h at 4°C, then assayed in HeLa cells, no significant virucidal effect of the solution against HSV-1 was observed. From these experimental results, the antiviral effect of SDB was suggested not to be attributed to a direct inactivation of the viral particles or inhibition of attachment. The compound was found to interfere with earlier events of HSV-1 replication,... 

On the other hand, SDC did not inhibit viral DNA polymerase. Exposure of HSV-1 to SDC for 6 h resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of virus infectivity. In addition, SDC did not suppress the viral protein synthesis of infected cells when added at an early stage of HSV-1 replication (0-4 h p.i.) but did when added later (4-8 h p.i.). These findings... 

SDB was suggested to interfere with earlier events of HSV-1 replication. Inhibition of viral DNA polymerase activity was considered to be one of its mechanisms. On the other hand, the anti-HSV-1 activity of SDC was revealed to be due to its direct inactivation of virus. 

Johnson PA, MacLean C, Marsden HS, Dalziel RG, Everett RD (1986) The product of gene USll of herpes simplex virus type 1 is expressed as a true late gene. J Gen Virol 67 871 883 Kerr IM, Brown RE (1978) pppA2 p5 A2 p5 A an inhibitor of protein synthesis synthesized with an enzyme fraction from interferon-treated cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75 256 260 Khabar KS, Dhalla M, Siddiqui Y, Zhou A, Al-Ahdal MN, Der SD, Silverman RH. Williams BR (2000) Effect of deficiency of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, on antiviral resistance in the presence or absence of ribonuclease L HSV-1 replication is particularly sensitive to deficiency of the major IFN-mediated enzymes [In Process Citation]. J Interferon Cytokine Res 20 653-659... 

Another study as to the inhibiory effect of some EOs on HSV-1 replication in vitro was carried out by Minami et al. (2003). The best results were achieved by lemongrass, which inhibited the viral replication completely even at a concentration of 0.1%. 

The 2 -chloro and 2 -bromo congeners of either 748 (FIAC) or 758 (FMAU) are more cytotoxic than FIAC and FMAU, suggesting that these chloro and bromo nucleosides, in contrast to the 2 -fluoro compounds, are comparatively better substrates for deoxycytidine kinase of human lymphocytes than the substrates for viral-specific thymidine kinase. The disposition of the 2 -fluoro group may also be important from the biological viewpoint. It should be noted that the structural difference between RNA and DNA is at the 2 -position. The ribo type of analog (738) of FIAC is 10 times less effective in suppression of HSV replication than is FIAC. Thus Fox, and Watanabe and coworkers concluded that the 2 - up fluorine disposition and the species of the substituent at C-5 are the two important factors influencing antiviral activity. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action of 2 -deoxy-2 -fluorocytidine (737) on certain herpes viruses, including HSV-1... 

Pharmacology Valacyclovir is the hydrochloride salt of L-valyl ester of the antiviral drug acyclovir. Valacyclovir is rapidly converted to acyclovir, which has in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types I (HSV-1) and II (HSV-2), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). In cell culture, acyclovir has the highest antiviral activity against HSV-1, followed by (in decreasing order of potency) HSV-2 and VZV. In vitro, acyclovir triphosphate stops replication of herpes viral DMA in 3 ways 1) Competitive inhibition of viral DMA polymerase 2) incorporation and termination of... 

Mechanism of Action Penciclovir triphosphate inhibits HSV polymerase competitively with deoxyguanosine triphosphate. Consequently, herpes viral DNA synthesis and, therefore, replication are selectively inhibited. Therapeutic Effect An antiviral compound that has inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1)... 

Soyasaponin I and II were studied in vitro against herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1). Soyasaponin II was more potent than soyasaponin I in the reduction of HSV-1 production. Soyasaponin II was also found to inhibit the replication of human cytomegalovirus, influenza virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. This activity was not due to the inhibition of virus penetration and protein synthesis, but might involve a virucidal effect. When acyclovir and soyasaponin II were evaluated in combination for anti-HSV-1 activity, additive antiviral effects were observed for this virus [160]. Astragaloside II afforded almost 100% protection of T-lymphocytes in vitro against the cytophatic effects of HIV infection. However, the EC50 of ca. 2.5 x 105 molar was difficult to achieve in vivo [98],... 

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) vector is a human neurotropic vector that possesses double-stranded DNA, replicates in the nucleus of the infected cells and can infect... 

Viral genome can be inserted with a large DNA sequence by homologous recombination, and the recombinant virus, which is defective in replication, can be plaque purified by using transcomplementing cells. However, this viral vector has several disadvantages it is difficult to obtain preparations that are completely defective in replication, the modified vector generates immune response and antibodies specific for HSV-1 are present. 

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