HPLC Separation Technologies

Proteias, amino acids bonded through peptide linkages to form macromolecular biopolymers, used as chiral stationary phases for hplc iaclude bovine and human semm albumin, a -acid glycoproteia, ovomucoid, avidin, and ceUobiohydrolase. The bovine semm albumin column is marketed under the name Resolvosil and can be obtained from Phenomenex. The human semm albumin column can be obtained from Alltech Associates, Advanced Separation Technologies, Inc., and J. T. Baker. The a -acid glycoproteia and ceUobiohydrolase can be obtained from Advanced Separation Technologies, Inc. or J. T. Baker, Inc. 

Cyclodextrin stationary phases utilize cyclodextrins bound to a soHd support in such a way that the cyclodextrin is free to interact with solutes in solution. These bonded phases consist of cyclodextrin molecules linked to siUca gel by specific nonhydrolytic silane linkages (5,6). This stable cyclodextrin bonded phase is sold commercially under the trade name Cyclobond (Advanced Separation Technologies, Whippany, New Jersey). The vast majority of all reported hplc separations on CD-bonded phases utilize this media which was also the first chiral stationary phase (csp) developed for use in the reversed-phase mode. 

In this context the integration of HPLC in the SMB concept has shown a tremendous potential for the development of separation process which are efficient and versatile as well as economically sound. The first separations of pharmaceutical compounds using HPLC-SMB technology were performed in the early 1990s [6 - 8]. Other areas of application, e. g., the fine chemicals, cosmetics and perfume industries have since followed suit [9]. Most importantly and as a reaction to the needs of these new areas of application, SMB systems smaller than the huge SMB-plants adapted to the needs of the petrochemical industry, are now commercially available. 

The use of macrocyclic antibiotics as chiral selectors for HPLC was first proposed by Armstrong et al. [50] in 1994. The most successful of the CSPs are based on the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin and ristocetin A and are commercially available through Advanced Separation Technologies Inc. (Astec Inc.) as Chirobiotic V , Chirobiotic 1 and Chirobiotic R , respectively. More recently, a number of other derivatives of these antibiotics have also been developed offering different stereoselectivities. A comprehensive handbook is now available from Astec Inc. [51 ] alongside a number of recent review articles... 

In the past 5 years the frequency of reports on the use of HPLC technology for the determination of trace organic compounds in aqueous environmental samples has been steadily increasing. Many innovative approaches to sample cleanup and analyte isolation have been reported. Reversed-phase separation, with its many mobile-phase adaptations, has been and continues to be the most popular HPLC separation mode. The development of fast columns and microbore columns should provide optimal configurations for particular applications. The operating characteristics of microbore columns also make... 

Applications of HPLC Of the bioanalytical separation technologies described in this book, arguably HPLC has the widest range of applications, being adopted for the purpose of clinical, environmental, forensic, industrial, pharmaceutical and research analyses. While there are literally thousands of different applications, a few indicators of how HPLC has been used are as follows (i) Clinical quantification of drugs in body fluids (ii) Environmental identification of chemicals in drinking water (iii) Forensic analysis of textile dyes (iv) Industrial stability of compounds in food products (v) Pharmaceutical quality control and shelf-life of a synthetic drug product (vi) Research separation and isolation of components from natural samples from animals and plants. 

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