Japanese house

The life of Japanese at that time was not so poor, especially Governors including Shogun, Local Governors, and their Samurais, and merchants were relatively rich, although farmers were poor, and most of them lived in wooden houses. Japanese... 

Up to the present, there has been no systematic study of radon or radon daughters in Japanese homes. We have, therefore, measured the distribution of radon concentrations in houses to determine the factors that influence them in Japan. For this end, long-term measurements of radon concentrations in the home environment were undertaken as a joint-study of five reserch institutions. These preliminary observations are for 5 areas of Japan for which results are available. 

Figure 2. Schematic structure of Japanese traditional wooden house. Small dots schematically indicate radon concentrations. Arrows indicate influxes and effluxes of radon to and from the house.

Until recently, the resistance of mosquitoes to pyrethroids has not been taken as a serious issue. In Japan, C. p. pallens and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) are the main species living around houses. Although mosquito coils have utilized natural pyrethrins as insecticidal ingredients for about 50 years and then allethrin for about 50 years, there has been no report on resistance development. The reason for this is considered to be the short active time of 4-5 months per year for C. p. pallens. Yasutomi et al. [50] reported in 1989 the presence of pyrethroid-resistant Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Okinawa, but Japanese encephalitis transmitted by C. tritaeniorhynchus decreased markedly after 1992 and disappeared. 

Although the correspondence with me concerned topics discussed in terms of the science of the day, Conway s interests were broad and he had interests in the Arts, stimulated by his wife in this direction (his house was decorated with her paintings). In this respect, Conway exemplifies the Scientist as a Great Man, a man of Knowledge in all and any direction. One is reminded of Frumkin in Moscow who kept abreast of modem literature from Anglo-America, France and Germany and Hinshelwood at Oxford, a physical chemist whose alternative interests were in Japanese Poetry. 

There is serious shortage of medically qualified personnel in Japanese pharmaceutical companies, or worse is the fact that they do not recognise the importance of such expertise in-house. The new GCP requires sponsoring companies to either employ or contract medical professionals in order to obtain medical advice in preparing protocols and conducting clinical trials. 

The government had required that the sponsors should have their own in-house study review board to review the ethical aspects of clinical trial protocols. Such a requirement was based on the former Japanese GCP, which stipulates that the company should organise an internal formal body or mechanism that reviews and authorises its planned studies before submitting to either study centres or the MHW for clinical trial plan notification. 

The new Japanese GCP no longer contains a clause to this effect, but it seems that the authorities favours the sponsor to maintain the procedures for an in-house study review board and to determine the appropriateness of the planned studies. 

Japanese GCP requires that the head of the medical institute and the sponsor must execute a study contract, and does not allow the investigator to directly contract with the sponsor. Historically, a clinical trial is considered as an activity of the hospital as a whole, not of an individual investigator. The reason behind this is that the investigator cannot conduct any study without the full support of hospital staff and access to hospital facilities. The head of the medical institute is responsible for organising an IRB in-house or to make it available outside the hospital, if the hospital is not large enough to maintain an IRB. Once the sponsoring company submits the clinical study plan to the hospital, the head of the medical institute should submit the study document to the IRB for their opinion. The head cannot be a member of the IRB, is not allowed to discuss or vote on the clinical trial, but nevertheless attendance to the IRB is not prohibited. 

The main advantages of agents are their longstanding networks of customer contacts and knowledge of the local conditions. This is particularly important if customers and suppliers are part of different cultures, like East and West. Japanese trading houses, like Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsui, Sumitomo Corporation, and Watanabe, have an immense experience in bridging the gap. 

Reka, S. A., Suto, C. and Yamaguchi, M. (1992). Evidence of aggregation pheromone in the feces of house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 43 339-341. 

Hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde the female sex pheromone of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (Astigmata Pyroglyphidae). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 52 269-277. 

Accdg to Ref 1, the Japanese cylindrical charges were equipped with a device called pistol to detonate the chge at a definite depth- The pistol was housed in a central tube running along the axis of the cylindrical body. 

The production of gas sensors. The production records of various types of gas sensors for past five years in Japan are listed in Table I except for the oxygen and humidity sensors. The sensors produced in the largest quantity are of the semiconductive type, followed by the catalytic combustion and thermistor types. These sensors have been mostly applied to domestic uses such as gas leakage alarms or gas control systems for LP gas and town gas which are extensively used for cooking and heating in Japanese houses. This is why these sensors are manufactured on a large scale. Other electrochemical sensors have been developed mainly to monitor other gases. 

DCHP - <1.2-170 Pilot study in 6 contemporary Japanese houses ... 

Inaoka, T., Okubo, G., Yokota, M. and Takemasa, M. (1999) Nutritive value of house fly larvae and pupae fed on chicken feces as food source for poultry. Japanese Poultry Science 36,174-180. 

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