Horseradish nanoparticles

Y. Zhang, P.L. He, and N.F. Hu, Horseradish peroxidase immobilized in Ti02 nanoparticle films on pyrolytic graphite electrodes direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. Electrochim. Acta 49, 1981-1988 (2004). 

Poulsen AK, Scharff-Poulsen AM, Olsen LF (2007) Horseradish peroxidase embedded in polyacrylamide nanoparticles enables optical detection of reactive oxygen species. Anal Biochem 366 29-36... 

Kumar R, Maitra AN, Patanjali PK, Sharma P (2005) Hollow gold nanoparticles encapsulating horseradish peroxidase. Biomaterials 26 6743-6753... 

Jain et al. (33) used the microemulsion system Triton X-100/cyclo-hexane/hexanol/water/ammonia to prepare silica nanoparticles with entrapped bioactive macromolecules fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-Dx) (mol. mass 19.6 kD), [125I]tyraminylinulin (mol. mass 5 kD), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (mol. mass 40 kD). The biomolecules were first solubilized in the microemulsion, and the alkoxide (TMOS) was then added. To ensure small particle sizes, the reaction was conducted under ice-cold temperatures (in a refrigerator for 72 h). 

Gold nanoparticles have been used to immobilize micro-peroxidase 11,46 tyrosinase,47 and hemoglobin48 to construct amperometric sensors, while silver nanoparticles have been used to enhance electron transfer of cytochrome c and myoglobin onto pyrolitic graphite electrodes.49 The use of semiconductor and oxide nanoparticles has also been reported, such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on TiC>2 nanoparticles,50 as well as Fe304 and MnC>4 nanoparticles to immobilize and facilitate direct electron transfer.51... 

Voss R, Brook MA, Thompson J et al (2007) Non-destructive horseradish peroxidase immobilization in porous silica nanoparticles. J Mater Chem 17 4864—4863... 

Cui RJ, Huang HP, Yin ZZ, Gao D, Zhu JJ (2008) Horseradish peroxidase-functionalized gold nanoparticle label for amplified immunoanalysis based on gold nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes hybrids modified biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 23 1666-1673... 

Jia J, Wang B, Wu A, Cheng G, Li Z, Dong S. A method to construct a third-generation horseradish peroxidase biosensor self-assembling gold nanoparticles to three-dimensional sol-gel network. Anal Chem 2002 74 2217-... 

Di J, Shen C, Peng S, Tu Y, Li S. A one-step method to construct a third-generation biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase and gold nanoparticles embedded in silica sol-gel network on gold modified electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2005 553 196 -200. 

Fig. 11 Schematic representation of a preparation of cell targeted ferritin with the binding RGD-4C peptide on the exterior surface of apo-Fr including Fe O, b preparation of a Pd nanoparticle in apo-Fr and olefin hydrogenation, c hydrogen production reaction using Pt apo-Hsp, and d encapsulation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the cavity of CCMV and an enzymatic reaction...

Signal generation in almost all immunoassays requires attachment of a label to one of the reagents. This label can be (a) a radioisotope such as or (b) an enzyme, for example, horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase, (c) a fluo-rophore such as fluorescein, (d) a luminescent species such as luminol or (e) micro-or nanoparticles made of latex or gold. 

Lan, D.D., Li, B.B., Zhang, Z.Z., 2008. Chemiluminescence flow biosensor for glucose based on gold nanoparticle-enhanced activities of glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase. Biosens. Bioelectron. 24, 940. 

Deepshikha etal. have fabricated a novel nanobiocomposite bienzymatic amperometric cholesterol biosensor, coupled with cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), based on the gold nanoparticle-decorated graphene-nanostructured PANI nanocomposite (NSPANI-AuNP-GR) film which was electrochemically deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode from the nanocomposite (NSPANI-AuNP-GR) dispersion, as synthesized by in situ polymerization technique [166]. The... 

Cai, W. Y, Xu,Q., et al. Porous gold-nanoparticle-CaC03 hybrid material Preparation, characterization, and application for horseradish peroxidase assembly and direct electrochemistry. Chemistry of materials,18(2), 279-284 (2006). 

Enzyme sensors are another important application of metal nanoparticles in CMEs besides nonenzyme sensors. Many enzymes can keep their activity when anchored onto gold nanoparticles. A novel method for fabrication of a biosensor based on the combination of sol-gel and self-assembled techniques has been introduced very recently. For example, the gold nanoparticles and enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can be successfully immobilized on gold electrode by the help of sol-gel with thiol groups, and the direct electrochemistry of HRP has been achieved and the biosensor thus prepared exhibits fast response, good reproducibility, and long-term stability. 

Chitosan matrix is known to be the superior matrix for immobilization of various biological organisms or its elements. Valerio et al. demonstrated high operational stability of invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized on chitosan nanoparticles [394], Similarly Luo et al. explored electrochemically deposited chitosan hydrogel for horseradish peroxidase immobilization through gold nanoparticles self-assembly [395]. 

Aptamer based biosensors, for example for recombinant human erythropoietin (as model analyte), can be made more sensitive by amplification with a boronic acid tethered gold nanoparticle that is then associated with an alkaline phosphatase to produce a redox active probe molecule. A similar re-usable bio-immuno-sensor has been suggested for carcinoembryonic antigen. A phenylboronic acid is assembled on gold to (reversibly) bind the antibody horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Interaction with the antigen slows down the hydrogen peroxide reduction. An HIV-1 immunoassay based on electroluminescence has been proposed by Zhou etaV In this process the... 

PLGA Synthetic Nanoparticles, Microsphere, Vaccine Delivery, Protein and Plasmid Delivery Horseradish peroxidase. Doxorubicin, Carbonic anhydrase, lysozyme. Bovine Serum Albumin... 

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