Polyacrylamide nanoparticles

Sun H, Scharff-Poulsen AM, Gu H, Jakobsen I, Kossmann JM, Frommer WB, Almdal K (2008) Phosphate sensing by fluorescent reporter proteins embedded in polyacrylamide nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2 19-24... 

Poulsen AK, Scharff-Poulsen AM, Olsen LF (2007) Horseradish peroxidase embedded in polyacrylamide nanoparticles enables optical detection of reactive oxygen species. Anal Biochem 366 29-36... 

In an effort to develop an effective bioadhesive system for buccal administration, insulin was encapsulated into polyacrylamide nanoparticles by the emulsion solvent evaporation method [98]. Though nanoparticle formation ensures even distribution of the drug, pelleting of the nanoparticles was performed to obtain three-dimensional structural conformity. In addition, it was hypothetized that the pelletized particles will remain adhered to the mucosa, leading to good absorption. While studying bioadhesion and drug release profiles, it was found that the... 

Encapsulating drugs in hydrogel nanoparticles 2-nm-diameter polyacrylamide nanoparticles lacking charge on then-surfaces, which prevents blood proteins from sticking to their surfaces For delivery of photosensitizer meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl) chlorin for head and neck cancer 26... 

Barton, J. Inverse mieroemulsion polymerization of oil-soluble monomers in the presence of hydrophilic polyacrylamide nanoparticles. Macromol. Symp. 2002,179 (1), 189-208. 

The production of polyacrylamide nanoparticles is based on a water-in-oil (W/0) microemulsion technique 40). The silica nanoparticles are prepared by a modified Stober method (75). The ormosil nanoplatform is prepared by a two-step method based on sol-gel process 24,41). The poly decylmethacrylate nanoplatform is prepared by emulsion polymerization 27,42). Encapsulation of drugs or nanocrystals into nanoparticles was made by adding these components to the reaction mixture at the beginning of, or during, the synthesis. Covalent... 

Figure 1. The isotherm of Platidiam adsorption (determined as Pt(II) content) on polyacrylamide-coated magnetite nanoparticles.

Fig. 3 TEM micrograph of polyacrylamide (left) and poly(acrylic acid) (right) nanoparticles as obtained by the inverse miniemulsion process...

The capacity of the nanoparticles to adsorb proteins and to activate the complement in vivo after intravenous administration will influence the fate of the carrier and its body distribution. To approach this aspect, in vitro tests have been developed to investigate the profile of the type of serum proteins that adsorbed onto the nanoparticle surface after incubation in serum and to evaluate the capacity of the nanoparticles to induce complement activation. The analysis of the protein adsorbed onto the nanoparticle surface can be performed by 2D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This technique allows the identification of the proteins that adsorbed onto the nanoparticle surface. To evaluate modifications of the composition of the adsorbed protein with time, a faster method based on capillary electrophoresis can also be used. Finally, the activation of the complement produced by nanoparticles can be evaluated either by a global technique or by a specific method measuring the specific activation... 

When nanoparticles are to be prepared by irradiation, the stabilizer must be selected in such a way that it does not reduce the ions before irradiation. Polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Fisa et al. 2011), polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) (Gasaymeh et al. 2011), sodium polyvinyl sulfate (PVS), polyacrylamide (PAM) (Zhu 1998), poly Af-methylacrylamide (PNMAM), polyethyleneimine, and surfactants such as sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) (Joshi etal. 1998), do not affect the electronic state of the ions but fulfill the conditions for stabilization. 

Fig. 2 Polymeric nanoparticles as obtained by the miniemulsion process (a) polyacrylamide (b) polyacrlyonitrile (c) polyacrylate (d) polyisoprene (e) polystyrene (f) polyester (g) polyepoxide (h) polybutylcyanacrylate and (i) polyimide nanoparticles...

PMAA- or citrate-coated magnetite [160] or citrate-coated maghemite [162] nanoparticles could successftiUy be encapsulated in a crosslinked polyacrylamide matrix using an inverse miniemulsion process. Here an inert hydrocarbon (cyclohexane or dodecane) was used as continuous phase and SpanSO as stabilizer. 

Owens III, D.E. Jian, Y Fang, J.E. Slaughter, B.V. Chen, Y.-H. Peppas, N.A. Thermally responsive swelling properties of polyacrylamide/poly(acrylic acid) interpenetrating polymer network nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2007, 40 (20), 7306-7310. 

The second hierarchical level of the nanostructure (1—4nm) can be a rather complicated stmcture. It stabilizes the nanosized carrier by modifying the surface with biocompatible coverage (polyacrylamide, silica, hydroxyapatite, titanium, or aluminum oxide, etc.). The presence of a modifying layer retains a high specific surface of the nanoparticles and allows the necessary chemical functionalization, for example, with hydroxyl, carboxyl, thiol, and amino groups. 

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