Homosexual men

Although nitrite use was initially described among homosexual men who used nitrites in the context of sexual activity, more recently their use has expanded to include heterosexuals. Currently, in addition to being used as sexual enhancers, nitrites are frequently used in combination with amphetamines and ecstasy to accompany high energy dance and music among young... 

Haverkos HW, Pinsky PF, Drotman DP, etal Disease manifestation among homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome a possible role of nitrites in Kaposi s sarcoma. Sex Transm Dis 12 203-208, 1985 Haverkos HW, Kopstein AN, Wilson H, et al Nitrite inhalants history, epidemiology, and possible links to AIDS. Environ Health Perspect 102 858-861, 1994 Hernandez-Avila CA, Ortega-Soto HA, Jasso A, et al Treatment of inhalant-induced psychotic disorder with carbamazepine versus haloperidol. Psychiatr Serv49 812— 815, 1998... 

Lipkin WI, Parry G et al (1985) Inflammatory neuropathy in homosexual men with lymphade-nopathy. Neurology 35(10) 1479-1483... 

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in 1981, and described in a cohort of young homosexual men with significant immune deficiency. Since then, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been clearly identified as the major cause of AIDS.1 HIV-2 is much less prevalent than HIV-1, but also causes AIDS. HIV primarily targets CD4+ lymphocytes, which are critical to proper immune system function. If left untreated, patients experience a prolonged asymptomatic period followed by rapid, progressive immunodeficiency. Therefore, most complications experienced by patients with AIDS involve opportunistic infections and cancers. 

LeVay, S. (1991) A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men. Science 253, 1034-1037. 

Kaposi s Sarcoma. These are tumors of the blood vessels. In non-AIDS patients, Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) is typically only seen in older men of Mediterranean or Jewish ancestry. In homosexual men with AIDS, as many as 69% may develop Kaposi s sarcoma. Initially, only few tumors appear as pink, purple, or brown skin lesions, usually located on the arms or legs. These tumors will spread and become widely distributed, eventually involving most of the linings of the body. If they spread to the lungs, they are difficult to control. 

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in the U.S. in the summer of 1981 when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported the unexplained occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in five previously healthy homosexual men in Los Angeles and of Kaposi s sarcoma in 26 previously healthy homosexual men in New York and Los Angeles. Within months, the disease became recognized in male and female injection drug users (IDUs) and, soon thereafter, in recipients of blood transfusions and in hemophiliacs. 

Norman SE, Chediak AD, Kiel M, Cohn MA. Sleep disturbances in HIV-infected homosexual men. AIDS 1990 4 775-781. 

Immunologic Tests in Homosexual Men Who Have AIDS, Chronic Unexplained Lymphadenopathy, or Who Are Asymptomatic... 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (1981a). Kaposi s sarcoma and Pneumocyctis pneumonia among homosexual men—New York City and California. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 30, 305-308. 

O Brien TR, Rosenberg PS, Yellin F, Goedert JJ. Longitudinal HIV-1 RNA levels in a cohort of homosexual men. J Acquir Immune Defic S5mdr Hum Retrovirol 1998 18 155-61. 

Sacktor NC, Lyles RH, Skolasky RL, Anderson DE, McArthur JC, McFarlane G, Seines OA, Becker JT, Cohen B, Wesch J, Miller EN (1999) Combinadon andredoviral therapy improves psychomotor speed performance in HIV-seroposidve homosexual men. Muld-center AIDS cohort study (MACS). Neurology 52 1640—1647. 

Melhye, M, Biggar, R.J., Wantzin, R, Krogsgaard, K., Ehhesen, R, Becker, N.G. Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus cohort study (1981-9) among European homosexual men. Brit. Med. J. 1990 301 210-212... 

Lozada F, Silverman S Jr, Migliorati CA, Conant MA, Volberding PA (1983) Oral manifestations of tumor and opportunistic infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) findings in 53 homosexual men with Kaposi s sarcoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 56 491-494... 

Tindall B, Cooper DA, Donovan B, Barnes T, Philpot CR, Gold J, Penny R (1988) The Sydney AIDS Project development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a group of HIV seropositive homosexual men. Aust N Z J Med 18 8-15... 

Hymes KB, Cheung T, Gteene JB, et al. Kaposi s sarcoma in homosexual men A report of eight cases. Lancet. 1981 2 598-600. 

Kaposi s sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia in homosexual men—New Yotk City and California. MMWR. 1981 30 305-... 

Gottlieb GJ, Acketman AB. Kaposi s sarcoma An extensively disseminated fotm in young homosexual men. Hum Pathol. 1982 13 882-892. 

Another interesting and unexpected phenomenon is the fraternal birth order effect.20 Surveys show without equivocation that homosexual men have a greater number of older brothers than heterosexual men. The estimated odds of being homosexual increase by approximately 33 percent with each older brother. 

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