Histamine anti-inflammatory effects

The flavonoids quercetin, hyperoside and isoquercetin, present in the ethanolic extract of Drosera madagascariensis, are inducers of spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory effects in guinea-pig ileum by affecting cholinergic M3 and histamine HI receptors [183]. 

Anti-inflammatory action Cortisol exerts its anti-inflammatory effect in part by blocking the release and action of histamine. In addition, it decreases the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 

Spanish needles have also been found to have anti-allergy action at the level of mast cells and other allergy mediators.4 Spanish needles contains quercetin and ethyl caffeate, both of which have previously been shown to possess in vitro anti-inflammatory or anti-allergic mediator action.23,24 Quercetin5 has also been shown to stabilize mast cells and basophils, decrease leukotriene formation, and reduce release of histamine and other mediators.24,25 Anti-inflammatory effects have been demonstrated in rats after receiving aqueous extracts of Spanish needles leaves and stems.26,27 A related species, Bidens parviflora, has been reported to inhibit histamine release from rat mast cells in vitro.6 Spanish needles have been shown to inhibit the inflammatory mediator nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and its downstream inflammatory mediators in vitro.23... 

Arterioles constriction (only slight in coronary and cerebral) Arterioles dilatation (p ) Bronchi (Pj) relaxation Anti-inflammatory effect inhibition of release of autacoids (histamine, leukotrienses) from mast cells, e g. asthma in type 1 allergy... 

The anti-inflammatory effects of FP and triflupromazine, either alone or in combination with triamcinolone, were studied in rats after one single dose and 8 days, measuring histamine, serotonin, prostaglandin (PGE2), volume of exudate and histaminase enzyme [174]. The results indicated that the administration of FP and triflupromazine in these conditions induced a significant anti-inflammatory activity which could be attributed to the inhibition of prostaglandin E2. 

Malaria-infected mice fed daily oral doses of an ethanol extract of neem leaves failed to recover and died from the disease after the fifth day (119). The extract caused an appreciable contraction of guinea pig ileum, and intravenous injection in the dog resulted in an initial rise in blood pressure followed shortly by a protracted fall the effect was similar to that of histamine (120). A methanol extract of the conbined leaves and bark of neem had a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect on rat paw and an antipyretic effect in rabbits (121). Injection of an aqueous extract of the leaves into guinea pigs and rabbits profoundly reduced blood pressure and reduced the heart rate (122). 

Triterpenes are widely distributed in plants, and in many cases are the principles responsible for their anti-inflammatory effects. Many of these compounds are active in different in vivo experimental models such as hind paw edema induced by carrageenan, serotonin and phospholipase A2 ear edema induced by phorbol and daphnane esters, ethylphenylpropiolate, arachidonic acid and capsaicin adjuvant arthritis and experimental models of allergy. Other effects have been studied in vitro, and some triterpenes are active against inflammatory enzymes like 5-lipoxygenase, elastase and phospholipase A2. Others inhibit histamine, collagenase and interleukin release, lipid peroxidation and free radical-mediated processes, metabolism of endogenous corticoids, and complement and protein-kinase activities. 

The anti-inflammatory effect of pachymic and dehydrotumulosic acids was determined in vivo against mouse PLA2 paw edema. At a dose of 50 mg/kg i.p., both were active (54% and 57% inhibition, respectively). As it has been proved that this model involves a release of histamine and 5-HT, an antagonism with one or both of these amines might occur, although this... 

The vasoconstrictive property of corticoids may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanisms by which topical corticoids cause vasoconstriction remains unclear but is thought to be related to their inhibition of natural vasodilators, histamine, bradykinins, and prostaglandins [2, 46]. Some have suggested that corticosteroids potentiate norepinephrine [34], while others suggest that corticoids cause the release of norepinephrine [81]. Corticoids are thought to also have a direct effect on vascular endothelial cells. 

The anti-inflammatory effects of histamine involve the activation of the adenyl... 

Apart from their anti-inflammatory activity the NSAIDs also show, dependent on the condition and the type of pain, considerable analgesic efficacy. In some forms of postoperative pain the NSAID s can be as efficacious as opioids, especially when prostaglandins, bradykinin and histamine, which are released by inflammation, have caused sensitization of pain receptors to normally painless stimuli. In Table 4 some advantages and disadvantages of NSAID s and opioids are compared. Although analgesic effects at peripheral or central neurons cannot be excluded completely, most studies indicate that... 

Mechanism of Action A mouth agent that has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties. Appears to inhibit formation and/or release of inflammatory mediators (e g., histamine) from mast cells, neutrophils, mononuclear cells. Therapeutic Effect Alleviates signs and symptoms of aphthous ulcers. 

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