Hippocampal neurons morphology

PUpel Y, Segal M (2004) Activation of PKC induces rapid morphological plasticity in dendrites of hippocampal neurons via Rac and Rho-dependent mechanisms. Eur J Neurosci 19 3151-3164... 

Liao D, Zhang X, O Brien R, Ehlers MD, Huganir RL (1999) Regulation of morphological postsynaptic silent synapses in developing hippocampal neurons. Nat Neurosci 2 37-43. 

Neuropathological studies in autistic brains have also demonstrated smaller neuronal size and increased cell packing density in the hippocampus, another limbic system structure. The morphology of hippocampal neurons in two cases of infantile autism was studied and investigators found smaller cells with reduced perikaryon area and dendritic branching in comparison with neurons of age-matched control children [63], This result is consonant with MRI results evidencing a smaller area dentata of the hippocampus in autistic children from 2 to 4 years [64]. However, the density and distribution of some 5-HT receptors in the hippocampus were not statistically different between autistic children and controls [65]. 

Fig. 3. Representative dendritic morphology of primary hippocampal neurons transfected with a catalytically inactive mutant of EFA6A. The hippocampal neurons were transfected with either an empty pCAGGS-FLAG (A) or pCAGGS-FLAGEFA6A(E246K) (B, C) together with pCS2-Venus at 2 DIV. At DIV 9, the cells were fixed and immunostained with anti-GFP (A, B) and anti-FLAG (C) antibodies. Note that the overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant of EFA6A induced prominent dendritic formation compared with that of an empty vector (Mock). Scale bars = 20 fim.

Morphological Analysis of Hippocampal Neurons Elxpressing ARNO, ARF6, and Mutant Forms of ARNO and ARF6... 

Assun9ao, M., Santos-Marques, M.J., de Freitas, V et al. (2007). Red wine antioxidants protect hippocampal neurons against ethanol-induced damage a biochemical, morphological and behavioral study. Neuroscience, 146,1581-1592. 

Young, M.J., Ray, J., Whiteley, S.J., Klassen, H., Gage, F.H. (2000). Neuronal differentiation and morphological integration of hippocampal progenitor cells transplanted to the retina of immature and mature dystrophic rats. Mol Cell Neurosci, 16, 197-205. 

Perego C., Vanoni C., Bossi M., Massari S., Basudev H., Longhi R., and Pietrini G. (2000). The GLT-1 and GLAST glutamate transporters are expressed on morphologically distinct astrocytes and regulated by neuronal activity in primary hippocampal cocultures. J. Neurochem. 

Table 3). They have been detected both functionally (Table 3) and, morphologically, by comparison of the distribution of H3 receptor mRNA and H3 receptor protein. By the latter approach it has been shown, for example, that thalamo-cortical and hippocampal pyramidal glutamate neurons and striato-nigral as well as striato-pallidal GABA neurons possess presynaptic H3 receptors (see Pillot et al. 2002 Jin and Panula 2005 see also immunohistochemical detection in Section 3.9). 

Seress L, Gulyas Al, Ferrer I, Tunon T, Soriano E, et al. 1993. Distribution, morphological features, and synaptic connections of parvalbumin- and calbindin D28k-immunoreactive neurons in the human hippocampal formation. J Comp Neurol 337 208-230. 

Several lines of evidence pointed to a role for Rac in spine formation and/or maintenance and the control of spine morphology in different model organisms (Govek et al., 2005). These studies largely relied on imaging of individual, fluorescently labeled neurons expressing constitutively active (CA) and dominant-negative (DN) mutant forms of Rac. Expression of CA Racl in hippocampal brain slices resulted in the formation of multiple small spines (Nakayama et al., 2000 Tashiro et al.. 

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