Highway diesel fuel

Aromatics Content. Aromatic compounds have very poor ignition quahty and, although they are not specifically limited in ASTM D975, there are practical limitations to using high aromatic levels in highway diesel fuel. In the United States, where gasoline demand represents about one-half of the... 

Effective October 1993, highway diesel fuel was limited to a maximum sulfur content of 0.05 wt% (500 ppm) and a minimum cetane rating of 40. 

EPA-Diesel RIA, Regulatory Impact Analysis Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control Requirements. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Radiation EPA420-R-00-026, 2000. December. 

EPA. Control of air pollution from new motor vehicles heavy-duty engine and vehicle standards and highway diesel fuel sulfur control requirements. Fed. Reg. 2001, 66, 5101-5150. 

The EPA s revised pollution guidelines for on-highway diesel fuels took effect on October 1, 1993, and additional Clean Air Act amendments are pending. As a result, the sulfur content of diesel fuel will have to be reduced from 1 to 2% down to 0.05% as compared with 0.3% conventionally attainable with high-pressure hydrodesulfurization. 

Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control... 

In addition to reformulated gasoline, next-generation diesel ftiels have also been targeted by the CAAA ruling. Effective October 1, 1993, highway diesel fuel must have a maximum sulfiir content of 0.05 wt% and a minimum cetane index of 40. New diesel fuels will mean deeper hydrodesulfurization and more severe hydroprocessing to reduce aromatics content and consequently increase the cetane number. 

Hydroprocessing is a critical technology to meet sulfur requirements of distillate fuels. Recently, the Clean Air Act Amendments mandated new rules limiting sulfur to 0.05 wt% in highway diesel fuels, and their regulations will become more stringent in the future. 

Summary ol Hybrid Vehicle Fuel Economy Results on the FUDS and Highway Driving Cycles using Various Engines and a Fuel Cell (1) mpg diesel fuel for diesel engine and mpg gasoline equivalent for fuel cell powered vehicles... 

Highway Trust Fund Fuel Excise Taxes Gasoline Diesel fuel Other highway fuels Total... 

To date, the vegetable oils that have been seriously considered for use in highway transportation vehicles have been esters of vegetable oils mixed with diesel fuel in percentages of 20% or 30%. However, esters of vegetable oils themselves have very similar properties to diesel fuel, and there is no reason that they would be treated differently from diesel fuel in terms of building codes. 

The fuels derived from petroleum contribute between one-third and one-half of the world s total supply of energy. They are used not only for transportation fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, and jet fuel), but also to heat buildings. Petroleum products are used to lubricate machines and a once-maligned byproduct, asphalt, is used to provide highway surface and roofing materials. 

EN 590 1993 was the first EU diesel fuel specification, specifying a sulphur limit of 0.2% maximum with a cetane number at 49 minimum, somewhat higher than D975. A further update in 1999 as EN 590 1999, coincided with Euro 3 emission regulations and specified a maximum sulphur level of 350 ppm with a cetane number requirement increased to 51 minimum, overall referred to as Euro 3 diesel . For off-highway vehicles, the EN 590 directive introduces a 1000 ppm sulphur limit, effective from 2008. 

In December 2000, a new diesel program was launched in the U.S., under which, as of 2010, refineries will be required to produce diesel fuel for use in highway vehicles with a sulfur content of no more than 15 ppm. The new sulfur limits will be part of the system of advanced emission control. Related programs have also been approved in other countries. 

---