Gasoline demand

Fig. 1. Growth in annual (--) gasoline demand, in GL/yr (---) millions of passenger cars and (-) travel per vehicle, in km/yr.

Aromatics Content. Aromatic compounds have very poor ignition quahty and, although they are not specifically limited in ASTM D975, there are practical limitations to using high aromatic levels in highway diesel fuel. In the United States, where gasoline demand represents about one-half of the... 

An aging population and continued improvements in engine technology and fuel economy may slow U.S. gasoline demand in the early part of the twenty-first century from the 2 percent annual growth rate of the 1990s. 

Dahl, C., and Sterner, T. (1991). Analyzing Gasoline Demand Elasticities A Suivey. Energ) Economics 13(3) 20.3-210. 

If gasoline demand continues to slacken, more feedstock may be targeted for either fuel oil, or diesel production. 

Butenes can also be alkylated in the form of various polymers, such as the by-product diisobutene polymers from butadiene plants. In this operation, each octene molecule appears to react as two individual butene molecules, and the high alkylate quality and low catalyst consumption characteristic of butene alkylation are obtained. For the most part, polymers have been alkylated only as supplemental feed stocks from external sources in periods of high aviation gasoline demand. 

Figure 1. Comparison of annual gasoline demand projections for passengers cars...

This process could cope with gasoline demand by only steadily improving the catalyst stability. Nevertheless, this process would reach its limits if process technology would remain unchanged. Consequently, moving bed technology, which allows continuous or semicontinuous regeneration of the catalyst, was developed. 

German technology was a war prize. The war had also stimulated the U.S. chemical industry explosives to be sure, but most notably dyestuffs by Dow and Du Pont and nitrogen fixation and nitric acid manufacture by government-financed plants at Muscle Shoals, Alabama. Gasoline demand for... 

Drivers for investment are directly linked to market demand. In the European Union, gasoline demand is declining, whereas demand for diesel is increasing with modest increases for treating gas oil. Heavy fuel oil demand is also declining. Under such market forces, the E.U. product market is shifting and demand for middle distillates is increasing from 310 million tons (310 MMt) in 1997 to 390 MMt in 2015.15 Production of LPG, naphtha, and other products is expected to increase.15... 

At the present time, the trend seems to be toward reduced alkylate production and reduction or elimination of propylene as a feedstock. This is based upon currently reduced gasoline demands and high value of propylene as a petrochemical. In any event, if the percentage of butylenes in the feed increases, sulfuric acid alkylation will assume a more clear-cut advantage on the basis of barrel-octane superiority. 

The 1974/75 slump in gasoline demand is over, the 1976 demand Is expected to top 6% while the 1977 demand will return to a more normal 3 to 5%. The question of lead phase-down appears relieved with an EPA postponement, but as a result of the steadily increasing number of vehicles that use unleaded gasoline (about 107o increase annually on the total number of automobiles in the United States) by 1980 some 62% of the total gasoline pool will have to meet no-lead gasoline specification. 

Without subsidies we project no substantial penetration by HEVs, based on their prospective fuel efficiency gains and costs alone. This may reflect an overly pessimistic assessment of the costs of hybrid electric technologies. If so, our results should be interpreted to hold with lower levels of subsidies than indicated. Hybrid subsidies on the order of 2000 per vehicle can induce substantial hybrid penetration and gasoline demand displacement under EIA s 2001 oil price projections (see Fig. 14-7). This result is quantitatively different from the result achieved for AFVs. The efficacy of... 

Relative gasoline demand in North America will stay constant or may even decline slightly.. Depending on technology improvements for diesel cars and tax benefits for diesel oil Western Europe still may face a small increase. Gasoline consumption as percentage of oil consumption will increase further in all other regions. 

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