High Production Volume HPV Substances

Several pigments are already the subject of international Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) SIDS sponsorship. Several more pigments have been added to those already sponsored under the OECD program. In the United States, unnecessary testing can be avoided with the use of Structural Activity Relationship (SAR) analysis, whereby risk assessment data devel- 

Available data for the pigments that have not been sponsored internationally may reduce or eliminate the need for further testing. 

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The data reporting is divided into two broad categories - first, data on high production volume (HPV) substances produced or imported in quantities exceeding 1000 tonnes per year, and secondly, data on low production volume (LPV) substances which have been produced or imported in quantities between 10 and 1000 tonnes per year. 

In addition, regulatory initiatives such as the European Union s Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) program, Canada s Domestic Substances List, and the High Production Volume (HPV) chemical programs in the United States and Europe are key drivers for the... 

High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge is a program defined in 1998 by the EPA for toxicological assessment of substances that are manufactured or imported into the United States. 

United States Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Existing Chemicals Assessment Division. Information packet on the OECD Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Program for high production volume (HPV) chemicals, 1992. 

The OECD has identified 20 metal substances as High Production Volume (HPV) chemicals (OECD 2009) (Table 7.3). HPV chemicals include all chemicals reported to be produced or imported at amounts exceeding 1,000 tons per year in at least one OECD manber country or in the European Union region. None of the metals identified as HPV chemicals have an OECD Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) (OECD 2007). The SIDS is described in http //www.oecd.org/Hpv/UI/Search.aspx. 

In the United States, CAS number 88-73-3, Benzene, l-chloro-2-nitro-, is listed on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Non-Confidential Inventory with no Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) [38]. It has been designated as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical [39]. In the European Union (EU), ONCB has been notified under REACH as an intermediate and as a chemical produced or imported at 100-1,000 tormes per armum. The REACH notifications refer to use as an intermediate in closed processes, and to use as a laboratory reagent [40]. In China, ONCB is listed on the Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances Produced or Imported in China (lESC) it is also listed in the Catalog of Hazardous Chemicals [41]. 

HPV-lnerts data set — It contains 623 high production volume inerts (human papilloma virus-[HPV] Inerts), which is a subset of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory. The EPA is including HPV-lnerts in version 2 of the Endocrine Disruption Priority Setting Database (EDPSD2), and there was a need to prioritize HPV-lnerts for further experimental evaluation. Of 623 chemicals, 166 chemicals were either mixtures or their structures were not available, excluding them from prediction. The activities (or otherwise) of457 chemicals were predicted by this system. 

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