High-nitrile resin

High-nitrile resins (HNR) are copolymers with high acrylonitrile content. They are generally very tough materials, with excellent barrier and good transparency. 

Pebar Blends of polyolefins (HOPE, PP) with high nitrile resin, Barcx BP Chemicals... 

An experimental ultrafiltration membrane, identified as a high nitrile resin [159, 160], was prepared and examined by the technique of infiltration and post-staining of a surfactant [156]. An SEM image shows the structure (Fig. 5.31 A) is porous with a thin, dense, surface layer. Surfactant filled and stained membrane sections are shown by TEM (Fig. 5.31 B and C) which reveals the nature of the asymmetric pore structure with smaller pores near the surface active layer. The nature of the porous substructure within the dense layer connecting to the outer surface is also shown (Fig. 5.31C). 

Fig. 5.29 An overview (A) of the asymmetric structure of a high nitrile resin membrane reveals a porous substructure and a dense surface layer. TEM micrographs of sections of a surfactant treated and stained membrane reveal more details of the pores adjacent to the dense layer (B) and within the dense layer connecting to the outer surface (C). (From Vogele-Kliewer [130] reproduced with permission.)...

Copolymers of acrylonitrile [107-13-1] are used in extmsion and molding appHcations. Commercially important comonomers for barrier appHcations include styrene and methyl acrylate. As the comonomer content is increased, the permeabiUties increase as shown in Figure 3. These copolymers are not moisture-sensitive. Table 7 contains descriptions of three high nitrile barrier polymers. Barex and Cycopac resins are mbber-modified to improve the mechanical properties. 

Tests have been conducted with Monsanto high barrier nitrile resins using the common food simulating solvents (Table X) plus some typical beverages. Conditioning times and temperatures were based on applicable FDA regulations and guidelines (16). 

Our studies of the absorption, permeation, and extraction properties of containers produced from high nitrile barrier resins have demonstrated that they meet or surpass the basic criteria established for retention of taste and odor characteristics of carbonated soft drinks. Sensory tests, which can isolate and identify end results as well as integrate collective effects, have confirmed this judgement and have established the general compatibility of these containers with a variety of beverage products from a taste and odor standpoint. Furthermore, these materials have the excellent physical properties required for containers which will find wide use in food and beverage packaging. 

All nitrile-based coatings reported in this study we e applied to Bonderite 40 coated steel (B40) panels (150-300 mg/ft zinc phosphate pretreatment The Parker Company). A commercial high nitrile polymer (Barex 210) was employed as the base resin. N-vinyI pyrrolidone (Aldrich) and gamma-butyrolactone (Aldrich) were employed as reactive diluents. 

Banter resins, carbon fibers, fatty high molecular weight polyether-potyols. high-nitrile copolymer resins, starch/acrykMMnle copolymer. 

With the growing demand for coextruded products, barrier plastics have shown significant growth in the last several years. Historically, the high barrier resins market has been dominated by three leading materials — vinylidene chloride (VDC) copolymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers, and nitrile resins. Since 1985, however, there has been a lot of interest worldwide in the development of moderate to intermediate barrier resins, as apparent from the introduction of a number of such resins, notably, aromatic nylon MXD-6 from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, amorphous nylons SELAR PA by Du Pont and NovamidX21 by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, polyacrylic-imide copolymer EXL (introduced earlier as XHTA) by Rohm and Haas and copolyester B010 by Mitsui/Owens-Illinois. 

Triallylcyanurate comonomer, high temp, plastics Hydroxyethyl-s-triazine comonomer, high-performance resin m-Phenylenedimaleimide comonomer, hydrophobic acrylics N-t-Octylacrylamide comonomer, ionomeric polymers Sodium vinyl sulfonate comonomer, melamine-formaldehyde resins Guanidine carbonate comonomer, monomer polymerization 4-Vinylcyclohexene comonomer, nitrile rubber m-Divinylbenzene Vinylidene chloride monomer... 

Ester plasticizers are used mainly in very polar elastomers, such as neoprene and nitrile mbber, to improve low or high temperature performance or impart particular oil or solvent resistance to a compound 5—40 parts are commonly used (see Plasticizers). Resins and tars are added to impart tack, soften the compound, improve flow, and in some cases improve filler wetting out, as is the case with organic resins in mineral-filled SBR. Resinous substances are also used as processing agents for homogenizing elastomer blends. 

Structural applications of rubber base adhesives were also obtained using rubber-thermosetting resin blends, which provided high strength and low creep. The most common formulations contain phenolic resins and polychloroprene or nitrile rubber, and always need vulcanization. 

Nitrile rubber is compatible with phenol-formaldehyde resins, resorcinol-formaldehyde resins, vinyl chloride resins, alkyd resins, coumarone-indene resins, chlorinated rubber, epoxies and other resins, forming compositions which can be cured providing excellent adhesives of high strength, high oil resistance and high resilience. On the other hand, NBR adhesives are compatible with polar adherends such as fibres, textiles, paper and wood. Specific formulations of NBR adhesives can be found in [12]. 

One obvious synthetic route to isoxazoles and dihydroisoxazoles is by [3+2] cycloadditions of nitrile oxides with alkynes and alkenes, respectively. In the example elaborated by Giacomelli and coworkers shown in Scheme 6.206, nitroalkanes were converted in situ to nitrile oxides with 1.25 equivalents of the reagent 4-(4,6-di-methoxy[l,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM) and 10 mol% of N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as catalyst [373], In the presence of an alkene or alkyne dipolarophile (5.0 equivalents), the generated nitrile oxide 1,3-dipoles undergo cycloaddition with the double or triple bond, respectively, thereby furnishing 4,5-dihydroisoxazoles or isoxazoles. For these reactions, open-vessel microwave conditions were chosen and full conversion with very high isolated yields of products was achieved within 3 min at 80 °C. The reactions could also be carried out utilizing a resin-bound alkyne [373]. For a related example, see [477]. 

Treatment of nitriles with gaseous hydrogen sulfide in the presence of anion exchange resin (Dowex 1X8, SH from) at room temperature affords the corresponding primary thioamides.27 Treatment of nitriles with 70% sodium hydrosulfide hydrate and magnesium chloride hexahydrate in DMF or methanol affords primary thioamides in high yields.28 Primary thioamides have been... 

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