Conditioning Time

1-strong agitating 10 min under air 2-aeration conditioned 10 min 3-flotation 

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An automated system for clinical analysis consists of the instmment (hardware), the reagents, and the experimental conditions (time, temperature, etc) required for each deterrnination. The reagents plus the experimental conditions are sometimes referred to as the chemistry of the system. The chemistry employed is generally similar to that used in manual assays because most automated assay methods have been adapted from the manual ones. However, automated analy2ers rarely afford the flexibiUty of experimental procedure that is possible in manual analysis. 

Z varies from -0.23 to - 0.64 over the heat treatment temperature range 2673 to 3273 K, and the term (e +Z) in Eq. (5) therefore varies from 0 to -0.4 over the same temperature range. Equation (6) was then substituted back into eq. (5) which was used to refit the data to determine the relationship between X and the heat treatment conditions (time and temperature, Eqs. 7 and 8). The empirical parameter X in Eq. (5) was found to be given by... 

In -isosparteine (47) both tertiary protons at C-6 and C-11 are arranged in the CIS position to the free electron pair on nitrogen as indicated by the NMR spectrum (80). Much earlier X-ray analysis showed that all rings in crystalline a-isospa teine (46) are present in stable chair conformations (SJ). A comparative rate (extrapolated) at 65 for a-isosparteine (5.0) and sparteine (1.0) has been calculated (82). Also it has been reported that (8-isosparteine gave the dehydro derivative under mild conditions and the didehydro under more drastic conditions (times, temperatures not given) (60). 

One of tlte principal applications of the normal distribution in reliability calculations and liazard and risk analysis is tlte distribution of lime to failure due to wearout. Suppose, for example, tliat a production lot of a certain electronic device is especially designed to withstand liigh temperatures and intense vibrations lias just come off the assembly line. A sample of 25 devices from tlie lot is tested under tlie specified heal and vibration conditions. Time to failure, in hours, is recorded for each of the 25 devices. Application of Eqs. (19.10.1) and... 

Tests have been conducted with Monsanto high barrier nitrile resins using the common food simulating solvents (Table X) plus some typical beverages. Conditioning times and temperatures were based on applicable FDA regulations and guidelines (16). 

When moisture loss was to be determined, each packet was weighed initially and at intervals of 2-4 weeks through the holding time. Moisture loss rates were calculated on the basis of grams/100 sq. in./24 hours (excluding the first 24 hours which constitutes a packaging material conditioning time). 

Mobile phase condition Time (min) %A %B Flow rate (mL min ) ... 

Equation (43) can be integrated and evaluated at the obvious initial conditions (time = 0, radius = r0) and final conditions (time = t, radius = r) as... 

Process Conditions Time of Reach the Critical Size (s)... 

To illustrate these trends, we now present some typical illustrative examples. These have been selected because strict comparisons of microwave and classical heating activation were made under similar conditions (time, temperature, pressure, etc.. ..) for the same reaction medium and using, preferably, a monomode system equipped with stirring. They mostly involve reactions performed under solvent-free conditions or, occasionally, in a nonpolar solvent, because these conditions are also favorable for observation of microwave effects. 

Loupy and Soufiaoui described a comparative study of the reactivity of diphenylnitri-limine 200 with several dipolarophiles under microwave irradiation in the absence of solvent using a solid mineral support or phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions (Scheme 9.62) [30b]. The results showed that the best yields of adducts were achieved upon impregnating KF-alumina with a mixture of the hydrazynoyl chloride 199 and the dipolarophile followed by irradiation of the mixture in a focused oven. Reaction of this mixture under solid-liquid PTC conditions with KF-Aliquat under microwaves afforded lower yields of cycloadducts, perhaps owing to the partial decomposition of Aliquat at the reaction temperature (140 °C). In all cases, worse yields were obtained by classical heating under comparable reaction conditions (time and temperature). 

The thermal hydrazone-azomethine imine isomerization can be easily performed under microwave irradiation in the absence of solvent. The subsequent 1,3-dipolar cydoadditions with electron-defident dipolarophiles occur in only a few minutes to afford the corresponding cycloadducts. The use of pyrazolyl hydrazones 205 leads to valuable compounds, such as bipyrazoles 213, in good yields and this provides a new approach to the preparation of these heterocyclic derivatives [116] (Scheme 9.67). Reactions undertaken with dassical heating under comparable reaction conditions (time and temperature) lead to cydoadduct yields that are considerably lower and, indeed, several dipolarophiles do not react at all. 

This procedure can be repeated for other coating conditions (time, temperature, pH, buffer compositions, blocking steps, wash buffers, etc.). 

Entry Nitrone R1 R2 Microwave conditions time isolated (min)a yield6 (%) Classical heating0 (% yield) 518/519 ratio... 

Figure 17.1 Relationship between adsorption of xanthate on gold and conditioning time in the presence of various concentrations of xanthate.

The adsorption of collector on gold and its floatability is considerably improved by the presence of oxygen. Figure 17.1 shows the relationship between collector adsorption, oxygen concentration in the pulp and conditioning time [4], The type of modifier and the pH are also important parameters in flotation of gold. 

Of all the lead oxide minerals, cerussite and anglesite [1,2] have been studied the most. The flotation properties of cerussite and anglesite are different in such a way as the anglesite is less amenable to sulphidization than cerussite. The sulphidization process for both minerals is a delicate process and is sensitive to (a) level of additions of sulphidizer, (b) the number of sulphidization stages and (c) conditioning time with sulphidizer. 

Aeration or conditioning time (min) Na2S (g/t) Pb oxide cleaner concentrate Pb oxide rougher concentrate ... 

In the cases where CuS04 is used as an activator, mercaptan is used as a primary collector. Typical amine consumptions ranged from 80 to 150 g/t. Amine is a fast-acting collector and does not require conditioning time. 

Figure 20.7 Effect of conditioning time with Na2S on lead and silver recoveries.

It was shown that with the use of sulphonate collectors, sodium oxalate had a positive effect on monazite grade and recovery. Conditioning time with oxalate had a pronounced effect on monazite recovery. Figure 24.9 shows the effect of conditioning time with oxalic acid on monazite recovery. 

The data from the figure show that 2-4 min of conditioning time was sufficient to achieve maximum recovery of monazite using different monazite collectors. 

Effect of conditioning time with sodium oxalate on monazite recovery using different... 

Good results were achieved using attrition conditioning at reduced time. With the standard long conditioning time, up to 50 min was required to achieve a recovery of 90% TiC>2-... 

Figure 25.7 Effect of conditioning time and power on ilmenite recovery using agglomeration...

The effect of the levels of silicate tall oil additions and conditioning times are presented in Table 25.11. 

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