Herbicide exposures

Schmitt-Jansen M, Altenburger R (2005) Predicting and observing responses of algal communities to photosystem Il-herbicide exposure using pollution-induced community tolerance and species-sensitivity distributions. Environ Toxicol Chem 24 304... 

Axelson O, Sundell L, Andersson K, et al Herbicide exposure and tumor mortality. An updated epidemiologic investigation on Swedish railroad workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 6 73-79, 1980... 

Physical Form. Colorless, crystalline solid Uses. Herbicide Exposure. Inhalation... 

C. Symptoms that occur during the work day and clear up after work are often due to inhalation exposure of volatile or aerosol materials. The solvents used in printing inks cause light-headedness and sedation. The symptoms are not those of herbicide exposure and insecticide exposure. 

For each disease reviewed, the Academy shall determine (to the extent that available scientific data permit meaningful determinations)—(A) whether a statistical association with herbicide exposure exists, taking into account the strength of... 

In its review, the IOM emphasized the subordinate clause of Section 3 of Public Law 102-4 that directeditto determine whether a statistical association exists between herbicide exposure and health effects. How looking for statistical associations differs from a scientific review isn t entirely clear, but the IOM points out that it did not examine the data for evidence of causality, as is common in scientific reviews. 18... 

The IOM committee reviewed reports about possible associations between herbicide exposures and each of thirty-two diseases and conditions and put the evidence for each association into one of four categories ... 

The authors of the Ranch Hand Study, the Department of Health and Human Services committee that reviewed the study before publication,44 the reviewers and editors of the journal Epidemiology that published the study, and a scientist who wrote a comment about the Ranch Hand study for Epidemiology found no support for an association between herbicide exposure and any birth defect. Only the IOM committee identified the biologically implausible association. 

The 1996 IOM committee made findings about other two diseases. The committee downgraded IOM s evaluation of the evidence for associations between herbicide exposures and the rare metabolic disease, porphyria cutanea tarda, from sufficientto lim-ited/suggestive. Significantly, this decision indicates that the update committees can revise earlier classifications, but it makes no difference to VA compensation decisions. 

The 1996 report also added acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy to the fist of diseases for which there is lim-ited/suggestive evidence of an association with herbicide exposures. The committee relied upon case reports—physicians accounts of one or a few cases of neurological problems such as tingling in hands or feet—to support its conclusions. The committee makes it clear that the case reports lacked information about such critical measures as the patients neurological status before exposure and about other possible exposures, but decided... 

Like the 1996 decision about spina bifida, the IOM committee s conclusion that there is limited/suggestive evidence for an association between herbicide exposure and adult onset diabetes47 draws upon the results from the Ranch Hand study.48 Although the frequency of diabetes among the Ranch Hands and the Comparisons is essentially equal, in 1992, the Air Force showed a video tape to participants in the Ranch Hand heahh study that stated... 

Kettles, M.A., S.R. Browning, T.S. Prince, and S.W. Horstman (1997). Triazine herbicide exposure and breast cancer incidence an eco-logic study of Kentucky counties. Environ. Health Persp., 105(11) 1222-1227. 

Neuberger, J.S. (1996). Atrazine and/or triazine herbicides exposure and cancer An epidemiologic review. J. Agromed., 3(2) 9-30. 

Huong, Le Thi Dien and Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phuong, Vietnam conference on the effects of herbicide exposure, as cited in ref. 127a. 

Several case-control studies examined the association between phenoxy herbicide exposure and non-Hodgkin s lymphoma and soft tissue sarcoma.46-60... 

Arbuckle, T.E., R. Burnett, D. Cole, K. Teschke, M. Dosemecci, C. Bancej and J. Zhang (2002). Predictors of herbicide exposure in farm applicators, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 75, 406-414. 

As discussed earlier, several studies have associated pesticide exposure with cancers. NHL has been associated with phenoxy herbicide exposure and specifically with exposure to 2,4-D. 80,98 " ... 

Stellman SD, Stellman JM, Sommer JF Jr Combat and herbicide exposures in Vietnam among a sample of American legionnaires. Environ Res 47 112-128, 1988a... 

Handers also had significant deficits in two specific peripheral leg pulses and in all leg pulses, as a group. Ranch Handers, in addition, had elevated liver enzyme levels and lower cholesterol levels. More Ranch Handers were found to have hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and verified histories of prior hepatic disease than their counterparts. Additional data analysis and follow-up of the Ranch Handers may clarify some of the preliminary findings made in this cross-sectional study. None of these findings, however, could be related to herbicide exposure because no specific "dose-response effect" could be shown. 

PH, PHENOXY HERBICIDES EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT P, CL, CHLOROPHENOLS AO, POWER p It 0.05 AGENT ORANGE E,... 

Axelson 0 and Sundell L Herbicide exposure, mortality and tumor incidence an epidemiological investigation on Swedish railroad workers. Work Environ Health 11 21-28, 1974. 

When the STS studies are considered together, the evidence implicating phenoxy herbicide exposure is weak. The studies which provide the strongest evidence are from Sweden, and the absence of an overall risk increase in agriculture and forestry in that country has not been satisfactorily explained. 

Chemicals used as miticides were usually similar to insccli-ddes. Among the 653 cases of insecticide exposure, the most common ones were exposure to CMs (25.7%), OPs (29.3%), and pyrethroids (19,1%). Products that were a combination of two or three insecticides accounted for 9,5%. Organochlorine exposure wa.s 6.6%, In herbicide exposure, paraquat, chloroacetanilide, and chbrophenoxy compounds comprised 24.4,8.4, and 9.3% respectively. 

D is one of the most widely used herbicides. Exposure to this chemical may arise in the garden, farm, or plantation setting, where it is sprayed for weed control and to enhance the plant growth. Its residues have been detected in soils, sediments, and groundwater, as well as in tissues of corals (Crockett et al. 1986 Glynn et al. 1984). 

In a case-control study in northern Italy, all 66 cases of primary ovarian tumors diagnosed in 6.5 yr in a city hospital were analyzed (Donna et al. 1984). The history of herbicide exposure was established by interview in 60 cases 6 remained untraced, and 127 controls were cases of cancer in other organs from the same hospital. The cases were matched by year of diagnosis, age, and district of residence. Personal herbicide use was reported for 8 cases and 0 controls, and probable exposure (employment on farms, residence in areas of herbicide use) for 10 cases and 14 controls. Relative risk (RR) for ovarian tumors associated with herbicide exposure was 4.4 [95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.9-16.1]. For women under 55 years, the RR rose to 9.1 (Cl, 3.0-28.2). 

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