Herbicide exposures exposure

Schmitt-Jansen M, Altenburger R (2005) Predicting and observing responses of algal communities to photosystem Il-herbicide exposure using pollution-induced community tolerance and species-sensitivity distributions. Environ Toxicol Chem 24 304... 

Axelson O, Sundell L, Andersson K, et al Herbicide exposure and tumor mortality. An updated epidemiologic investigation on Swedish railroad workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 6 73-79, 1980... 

Physical Form. Colorless, crystalline solid Uses. Herbicide Exposure. Inhalation... 

C. Symptoms that occur during the work day and clear up after work are often due to inhalation exposure of volatile or aerosol materials. The solvents used in printing inks cause light-headedness and sedation. The symptoms are not those of herbicide exposure and insecticide exposure. 

Chlorophenoxy herbicides (oeeupational exposures to) 4-Chloro-ort/io-phenylenediamine 4-Chloro-meta-phenylenedi amine Chloroprene... 

D (see also Chlorophenoxy herbicides Chlorophenoxy herbicides, occupational exposures to)... 

For each disease reviewed, the Academy shall determine (to the extent that available scientific data permit meaningful determinations)—(A) whether a statistical association with herbicide exposure exists, taking into account the strength of... 

In its review, the IOM emphasized the subordinate clause of Section 3 of Public Law 102-4 that directeditto determine whether a statistical association exists between herbicide exposure and health effects. How looking for statistical associations differs from a scientific review isn t entirely clear, but the IOM points out that it did not examine the data for evidence of causality, as is common in scientific reviews. 18... 

The IOM committee reviewed reports about possible associations between herbicide exposures and each of thirty-two diseases and conditions and put the evidence for each association into one of four categories ... 

The authors of the Ranch Hand Study, the Department of Health and Human Services committee that reviewed the study before publication,44 the reviewers and editors of the journal Epidemiology that published the study, and a scientist who wrote a comment about the Ranch Hand study for Epidemiology found no support for an association between herbicide exposure and any birth defect. Only the IOM committee identified the biologically implausible association. 

The 1996 IOM committee made findings about other two diseases. The committee downgraded IOM s evaluation of the evidence for associations between herbicide exposures and the rare metabolic disease, porphyria cutanea tarda, from sufficientto lim-ited/suggestive. Significantly, this decision indicates that the update committees can revise earlier classifications, but it makes no difference to VA compensation decisions. 

The 1996 report also added acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy to the fist of diseases for which there is lim-ited/suggestive evidence of an association with herbicide exposures. The committee relied upon case reports—physicians accounts of one or a few cases of neurological problems such as tingling in hands or feet—to support its conclusions. The committee makes it clear that the case reports lacked information about such critical measures as the patients neurological status before exposure and about other possible exposures, but decided... 

Like the 1996 decision about spina bifida, the IOM committee s conclusion that there is limited/suggestive evidence for an association between herbicide exposure and adult onset diabetes47 draws upon the results from the Ranch Hand study.48 Although the frequency of diabetes among the Ranch Hands and the Comparisons is essentially equal, in 1992, the Air Force showed a video tape to participants in the Ranch Hand heahh study that stated... 

Institute of Medicine, Veterans and Agent Orange Herbicide/Dioxin Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes (Washington, D.C. National Academy Press,... 

Kettles, M.A., S.R. Browning, T.S. Prince, and S.W. Horstman (1997). Triazine herbicide exposure and breast cancer incidence an eco-logic study of Kentucky counties. Environ. Health Persp., 105(11) 1222-1227. 

Neuberger, J.S. (1996). Atrazine and/or triazine herbicides exposure and cancer An epidemiologic review. J. Agromed., 3(2) 9-30. 

Exposure assessments characterize the water, diet, and herbicide handling exposure pathways for atrazine and simazine (Sielken et al, 1996, 1998). For each exposure pathway, the chemical-specific doses (mg/kg/day) from each relevant route (ingestion, inhalation, and dermal) are summed. The total chemical-specific dose for each exposure pathway is characterized separately, and then these doses are aggregated by summing over the multiple exposure pathways. The pathway-specific and aggregate assessments are performed separately for atrazine and simazine. In addition, because atrazine and simazine are assumed to have a common mechanism of toxicity, a cumulative exposure assessment is performed combining the doses of atrazine and simazine. 

The LADD (mg/kg/d) from dermal absorption and inhalation due to herbicide handling exposure can be calculated for an individual in a specified population or subpopulation using Equation (31.3) ... 

Using Equation (31.3), the distributions of exposure indicate that at least 95% of the estimated LADDs associated with herbicide handling exposure have an MOE of at least between 500 and 11000 for atrazine, and between 10000 and 20000 for simazine, depending on the herbicide use (e.g., com, sod, etc.) (Figures 31.5-31.7). 

Huong, Le Thi Dien and Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phuong, Vietnam conference on the effects of herbicide exposure, as cited in ref. 127a. 

Occupational Exposure. Exposures to 2,3,7,8-TCDD, one of the most potent of the CDD congeners, have occurred occupationally in workers involved in the manufacture and application of trichlorophenols and the chlorophenoxy acid herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). Holmstedt (1980) has reviewed the history of industrial exposures that have occurred between 1949 and 1976, and Kogevinas et al. (1997) summarized recent data on these cohorts. 

Several case-control studies examined the association between phenoxy herbicide exposure and non-Hodgkin s lymphoma and soft tissue sarcoma.46-60... 

Arbuckle, T.E., R. Burnett, D. Cole, K. Teschke, M. Dosemecci, C. Bancej and J. Zhang (2002). Predictors of herbicide exposure in farm applicators, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 75, 406-414. 

As discussed earlier, several studies have associated pesticide exposure with cancers. NHL has been associated with phenoxy herbicide exposure and specifically with exposure to 2,4-D. 80,98 " ... 

Stellman SD, Stellman JM, Sommer JF Jr Combat and herbicide exposures in Vietnam among a sample of American legionnaires. Environ Res 47 112-128, 1988a... 

Handers also had significant deficits in two specific peripheral leg pulses and in all leg pulses, as a group. Ranch Handers, in addition, had elevated liver enzyme levels and lower cholesterol levels. More Ranch Handers were found to have hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and verified histories of prior hepatic disease than their counterparts. Additional data analysis and follow-up of the Ranch Handers may clarify some of the preliminary findings made in this cross-sectional study. None of these findings, however, could be related to herbicide exposure because no specific "dose-response effect" could be shown. 

---