Hepatocyte stimulating factor

Nham, S. U., and Fuller, G. M. (1986). Effect of fibrinogen degradation products on production of hepatocyte stimulating factor by a macrophage cell line (P388D1). Thromb. Res. 44, 467-475. 

Dumoutier, L., Van Roost, E., Colau, D., and Renauld, J. C. (2000c). Human interleukin-10-related T cell-derived inducible factor Molecular cloning and functional characterization as an hepatocyte-stimulating factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 10144-10149. 

B13. Baumann, H., and Gauldie, J. Regulation of hepatic acute phase plasma protein genes by hepatocyte stimulating factors and other mediators of inflammation. Mol. Biol. Med. 7, 147-159 (1990). 

B15. Baumann, H Onorato, V., Gauldie, J., and Jahreis, G. P. Distinct sets of acute phase plasma proteins are stimulated by separate human hepatocyte-stimulating factors and monokines in rat hepatoma cells, J. Biol Chem. 262, 9756-9768 (1987). 

B16. Baumann, H., and Wong, G. G. Hepatocyte-stimulating factor III shares structural and functional identity with leukemia-inhibitory factor. 7. Immunol. 143, 1163-1167 (1989). 

In particular, LIF appears to be identical with HSF-III (hepatocyte-stimulating factor III), which is known to stimulate the synthesis of acute phase plasma proteins (Baumann and Wong, 1989), and with MLPLI (melanoma-derived lipoprotein lipase-inhibitor) which is produced in a human melanoma cell line, SEKI. LIF inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity in adipocytes and possibly causes cachexia (Mori et al., 1989). 

A factor known as scatter factor has been characterized which causes the break up and stimulates motility of epithelial cell clumps (Stoker et al., 1987). This factor is identical to hepatocyte growth factor and increases the rate of locomotion of several other cell types. Motility factors elaborated from tumor cells are considered to play an important role in metastasis (see later). Guidance of cells by the physical topography of the substratum is another factor that profoundly affects the behavior of cells. 

All RTKs contain between one and three tyrosines in the kinase activation loop, which is composed of subdomains VII and VIII of the protein kinase catalytic core. Phosphorylation of these tyrosines has been shown to be critical for stimulation of catalytic activity and biological function for a number of RTKs, including insulin receptor, FGF receptor, VEGF receptor, PDGF receptor, Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor), and TrkA (NGF receptor). A major exception is the EGF receptor, for which autophosphorylation of a conserved tyrosine in the activation loop does not seem to be involved in signaling. Substitution of tyrosine with phenylalanine has no effect on RTK activity or downstream signals. 

Rong, S., S. Segal, M. Anver, J. H. Resau, and G. F. Vande Woude. 1994. Invasiveness and metastasis of NIH 3T3 cells induced by Met-hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor autocrine stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(11) 4731— 5. 

Insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR) Colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSFR) Nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met) Glial-derived neurotrophic factor receptor (RET)... 

Lindroos PM, Zarnegar R, Michalopoulos GK. 1990. Hepatocyte growth factor (hepatopoietin A) rapidly increases in plasma before DMA synthesis and liver regeneration stimulated by partial hepatectomy and carbon tetrachloride administration. Hepatology 13 743-750. 

Tomiya, T., Omata, M., Fujiwara, K. Significance of branched-chain amino acids as possible stimulators of hepatocyte growth factor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Com. 2004 313 411-416... 

IL-6 was formerly loiown as 26-kDa protein, BCDF, B-cell stimulating factor 2 (BSF-2), cytotoxic T-ceH differentiation factor, hepatocyte differentiation factor (HSF), hybridoma/ plasmacytoma growth factor, interferon-p2 (IFNp2), monocyte granulocyte inducer type 2 (MGI-2), and thrombo-poietin. The designation of IFNp-2 is now considered inappropriate, and its use has been discontinued. 

Onimaru M, Yonemitsu Y, Tanii M, et al. Fibroblast growth factor-2 gene transfer can stimulate hepatocyte growth factor expression irrespective of hypoxia-mediated downregula-tion in ischemic limbs. Circ Res 2002 91 923-930. 

GCSF granulocyte colony stimulating factor HGF hepatocyte growth factor... 

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