Heavy metals plant uptake

Lee, J., Bae, H., Jeong, J., Lee, J.-Y., Yang, Y.-Y., Hwang, L, Martinoia, E., and Lee, Y., 2003a, Functional expression of a bacterial heavy metal transporter in Arabidopsis enhances resistance to and decreases uptake of heavy metals. Plant Physiol. 133 589-596. 

Cajuste, L.J., Cnrz-Diaz, J., Garcia-Osorio, C., 2000. Extraction of heavy metals from contarrri-rrated soils I. Sequential extraction in surface soils and their relationship to DTPA extractable metals and metal plant uptake. J. Environ. Sci. Health A A35, 1141 — 1152. 

F. Awad and V. Rdmheld, Mobilization of heavy metals from contaminated calcareous soils by plant-borne chelators and its uptake by wheat plants. J. Plant Nutr. 23 (2000) in press. 

Recent reviews have focused on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of heavy metals from polluted soils and their transfer to the plant (123). Several experimental data provide clear evidence that both ectomycorrhizal and ericoid fungi protect their host against these metals (123-125). The position with regard to the AM fungi is less clear (123). 

Verma, K.V., George, H.V., Singh, S.K., Singh, A., Juwarkar, A., and Singh, R.N., Modeling rhizofiltration Heavy-metal uptake by plant roots, Environmental Modeling and Assessment, 11, 387-394, 2006. 

Baker A.J.M., Walker P.L. Ecophysiology of metal uptake by tolerant plants. In Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants Evolutionary Aspects, A.J. Shaw, ed. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. 1989. 

Bjerre, G.K. and H.H. Schierup. 1985. Uptake of six heavy metals by oat as influenced by soil type and additions of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper. Plant Soil 88 57-69. 

The uptake of heavy metals from soils is also determined by their contents in soil and by plant species. If these crops are used for anaerobic digestion one has to consider that there is a remarkable risk of an accumulation of heavy metals in soil. In the case of combustion, most heavy metals can be removed by filtering the ash and it can be used safely as fertiliser. Thus cultivation and combustion of short rotation coppice is a smart scheme of removing heavy metals from contaminated soils. 

Net uptake of heavy metals is due to the removal of heavy metals in crops or trees in the catchment and/or in aquatic plants and fish in a lake. Weathering relates to the... 

The statistical estimation of heavy metal concentrations in the Spruce Forest ecosystems of the Boreal climatic zone is the subject of wide variation, with coefficient of variation from 36 to 330%. However, we can note the clear trend in biogeochemical peculiarities and relevant exposure to heavy metal uptakes by dominant plant species. 

Figure 3. Coefficients of bio geochemical uptake of heavy metals by typical plant species of Meadow Steppe Ecosystems of East European Plain. Aerial parts 1—legumes 2—grasses 3—forage crops roots 4—legumes, 5—grasses, 6—forage crops (Dobrovolsky, 1994).

Despite the quantitative variability of salts and silicate dust particles in the plants of Arid ecosystems, we can easily discern a trend towards the selective uptake of trace elements. The calculation of coefficient of biogeochemical uptake (Cb) shows the rates of exposure to heavy metals in biogeochemical food webs. One can see that the elements contained in the plant species of both Steppe and Desert ecosystems are in equal measure susceptible to the influence of environmental factors. The most extensively absorbed are Sr, Cu, Mo, and Zn. Their values of Cb are more than unit. The group of other elements, like Ti, Zr, and V, are poorly taken up, with their values of Cb often dropping below 0.1 (see Figures 4 and 5). 

The comparison of biogeochemical fluxes and relevant exposure rates of heavy metals in the Mangrove and Tropical Rain Forest ecosystems shows that the total mass of ash elements per unit area is similar. However, the proportion of various elements is markedly different. The Mangrove plant uptake of Fe and Mn is less and that of Sr is higher than the uptake of these elements in Tropical Rain Forest ecosystems. 

As we saw in Chapter 7, zinc uptake in plants involves proteins of the ZIP family, some of which are root specific while others are found in both roots and shoots. The transport of zinc from the cytosol in many organisms is often associated with members of the cation diffusion facility (CDF) family. Although there are 12 predicted family members in Arabidopsis, only one, MTP1, has been characterized, which seems to function in the transport of Zn into the vacuole. Two members of the heavy metal ATPase (HMA) family, HMA2 and HMA4, have been shown to function in the transport of zinc out of the cells across the plasma membrane. 

Plants exposed to heavy metal stress often increase the pH of the growing medium in order to reduce their uptake. We have recorded such a response in Sinapis alba L cv. Nakielska plants grown in the presence of (Figure 5) (Wihska-Krysiak and Gawrohski, 2002). This parameter... 

Ryan, J.A. Factors affecting plant uptake of heavy metals from land application of residuals. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Disposal of Residues on Land, St. Louis, Missouri, September 13-15, 1976. 

Otte, M. L. (1991). Contamination of coastal wetlands with heavy metals factors affecting uptake of heavy metals by salt marsh plants. In Ecological Responses to Environmental Stresses, ed. J. Rozema J. A. C. Verkleij, pp. 126-33. London Kluwer Academic. Peters, R. W. Shem, L. (1992). Use of chelating agents for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. In Environmental Remediation, ed. American Chemical Society, pp. 70-84. Washington, D.C. American Chemical Society. 

Sauerbeck, D. R. (1991). Plant, element and soil properties governing uptake and availability of heavy metals derived from sewage sludge. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 57-58, 227-37. 

Sieghardt, H. (1990). Heavy-metal uptake and distribution in Silene vulgaris and Minuartia vema growing on mining-dump material containing lead and zinc. Plant andSoil, 123, 107-11. 

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