Heat-generating compound

The property of polybutadiene of most interest to the mbber compounder is excellent abrasion resistance coupled with excellent resilience. The polymer has very high rebound and low heat generation. With a few exceptions, such as the core of soHd golf balls, the polymer is blended with other polymers to take advantage of its excellent abrasion and rebound. Uses in North America are as follows tires, 500,000 t (74%) plastic modification,... 

Manufacture. Titanium chloride is manufactured by the chlorination of titanium compounds (1,134—138). The feedstocks usually used are mineral or synthetic mtile, beneficiated ilmenite, and leucoxenes. Because these are all oxygen-containing, it is necessary to add carbon as well as coke from either coal or fuel oil during chlorination to act as a reducing agent. The reaction is normally carried out as a continuous process in a fluid-bed reactor (139). The bed consists of a mixture of the feedstock and coke. These are fluidized by a stream of chlorine iatroduced at the base (see Fluidization). The amount of heat generated in the chlorination process depends on the relative proportions of CO2 or CO that are formed (eqs. 1 and 2), and the mechanism that... 

Laws of Thermochemistry. Lavoisier and Laplace (1780) found that the heat required to decompose a chemical compound into its elements was numerically equal to the heat generated in its formation under the same conditions of T and P. That is, AHj = -AHp where the subscript d refers to decomposition reaction [52, p. 24 61, p. 303]. 

The most recent major expln in a US TNT plant occurred in May 1974 at the Radford Army Ammunition Plant. The accident completely destroyed one of the three continuous nitration lines at the plant. According to the AMC News, Sept 1974, the investigation board reported that an operator inadvertently introduced a 5 to 6-foot rubber hose to clean out unwanted material that had collected in a transfer line leading to the nitrator, when the hose was pulled from his hands into the nitrator. This resulted in a rapid temp rise and subsequent explosion. The hose was commonly used in this manner . The material causing the blockage in the transfer line was believed to be an oxidation product of TNT, 2,2 -dicarboxy-3,3, 5,5,-tetra-nitroazoxybenzene, also referred to as White Compound. The introduction of the rubber hose caused a rapid, exothermic oxidation reaction between the hose material and the mixed acid present. The heat generated by this reaction caused a local acceleration of the normal nitration/oxidation reactions which occur in the nitrator until a critical temp was reached, at which point rapid oxidation of DNT/TNT proceeded as a runaway reaction, igniting the material present in the vessel. 

A number of synthetic procedures are available (Ai2). (2) For precisely defined stoichiometries, the isobaric, two-bulb method of Herold is preferred H5, H6, H2). (2) To generate compounds suitable for organic synthesis work, graphite and alkali metal may be directly combined, and heated under inert gas (Pl, lA). (5) Electrolysis of fused melts has been reported to be effective iN2). 4) Although alkali metal -amine solutions will react with graphite, solvent molecules co-inter-calate with the alkali metal. Utilization of alkali metal-aromatic radical anion solutions suffers the same problem. 

An NR-rich undertread layer can enhance the adhesion between belt or cap-ply and tread whilst a thicker subtread compound may be included to offer some additional benefits of low hysteresis for car tires and low heat generation for truck tires within the bulk of a thick section. The cure system needs better flexibility and low heat generation. Typically the cure system will be based on CV/SEV. Tread base is generally having a composition as depicted in Table 14.40. 

Many of the aforementioned techniques are not appropriate to direct mass-spectrometric analyses of intact high-MW and heat-labile compounds. For such samples, thermal degradation techniques (analytical pyrolysis) can be performed to generate more-volatile compounds of lower molecular weight that are amenable... 

Organo halogen compounds (RX, where X = Cl, Br) on heating generate HX by reaction with the polymer (poly-H) ... 

Group compatibility data indicates no reaction between propylene dichloride and aluminum oxide (which would form an outside layer on the aluminum metal). However, "heat generation, may cause pressurization" and "forms very unstable explosive metallic compounds" are the results of combining propylene dichloride and aluminum powder (NOAA 2002). 

Propylene dichloride received in aluminum railcar No- confinement within railcar R Previous incident resulted in leak within 24 hours. NOAA Chemical Reactivity Worksheet indicates combining propylene dichloride with aluminum powder results in "heat generation, may cause pressurization" and "forms very unstable explosive metallic compounds."... 

The channel within the SR membrane is inhibited by a compound known as ryanodine, so that it is known as the ryanodine-sensitive Ca -channel. A mutation in the ryanodine receptor is responsible for the sensitivity, in some individuals, to the anaesthetic halothane. This sensitivity results in severe hyperthermia, a condition known as malignant hyperthermia. The explanation is that the modified receptor allows a massive Ca ion release from the SR, which is then pumped back into the SR. Thus, the rates of both release and uptake are increased, i.e. the rate of the cycle is increased so that the rate of ATP hydrolysis is very high, resulting in heat generation, and hence hyperthermia. This is analogous to an increase in rate of substrate cycles which also leads to transfer of chemical energy from ATP to heat (Chapter 2). How halothane effects the receptor cause to this release of Ca ions is not known. 

In order to obtain rapid metabolism and rapid heat generation from aromatic compounds related to lignin, several soil isolates were used. P. putida ATCC 11172 did not grow easily on compounds such as syringic acid and certain other compounds more lignin-like. However, soils collected locally yielded bacteria, first from enrichment cultures and then grown on plates or defined liquid culture, were able to combust the compounds listed in Table... 

When oil-based binders are used, the frictional heat generated during buffing can cause the binders to bum. This in turn leads to the requirement for additional cleaning with alkaline soaks. When properly used, greaseless compounds produce parts that leave the wheel clean and dry. Greaseless compositions also tend to adhere to the surface of the wheel so that wheel life is extended. 

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