Soil collection

Methyl parathion may also be released to soils by improper handling of pesticide formulations during processing or handling. In a sampling of soils collected from processing facilities in Illinois, methyl parathion was detected in soil at 2 of the 49 sites tested (Krapac et al. 1995). 

Collect 1 kg of rice grains and grind with a mill. Collect about 1 kg of rice straw and grind with a grinder. Soil, collected from the top 10-cm surface layer, is homogenized and passed through a 5-mm sieve. 

The average recoveries for fenoxycarb in soil were 89, 105, and 104% for soil collected in California, Washington, and Georgia, respectively, at fortification levels ranging from 0.01 mg kg" to l.Omgkg" The LOQ and LOD were 0.01 mgkg and 0.2 ng injected, respectively. 

Chernobyl 241Am, in five samples of surface soil collected 1.5-15 km from the Chernobyl accident in July 1987, was predominantly in the 0.005-0.25 mm size fraction of soil, which comprised 65% of the mass (Berezhnoi et al. 1991). 

Bikini Atoll. Surface soil collected at 20 sites on Bikini Atoll in 1972 contained 1.2-45 pCi/g of241 Am (Nevissi et al. 1976). This level will increase for several decades as a result of ingrowth from 241Pu before it begins to decrease. Bikini Atoll was the site of 23 nuclear detonations between 1946 and 1958. 

Fresquez PR, Armstrong DR, Mullen MA. 1998a. Radionuclides in soils collected from within and around Los Alamos National Laboratory 1974-1996. J Environ Sci Health Part A A33(2) 263-278. 

Table V. Number of crabgrass seedlings per pot In soil collected from field plots containing tall fescue genotypes ...

The tests were replicated under controlled conditions using soil collected from the liner in thin-walled 3-in. diameter sample tubes. The laboratory measures of hydraulic conductivity were consistently 1 x 10 9 cm/s, five orders of magnitude lower than the field value of 1 x 10-4 cm/s. The laboratory tests yielded a hydraulic conductivity 100,000 times different from that from the field test. Apparently, the flow through the 3-in. specimens did not mimic the flow on a larger scale... 

Soil collected from R. Porter Farm, Thurman, Iowa. 

The soil was collected from the Mezquital Valley, located near Pachuca in the State of Hidalgo (Mexico). The irrigation water used was slightly alkaline with a pH of 8.4. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Soil collected from three sub sites was placed into cylindrical pots. Five treatments were established in order to study the effect of wastewater and urea on the cultivation of maize (Zen mays L.). The treatments were a) SMWW, maize plant plus wastewater b) SMUREA, maize plant plus urea as fertilizer c) SUREA, uncultivated soil and urea as fertilizer d) SWW, uncultivated soil plus wastewater and e) SCONTROL treatment, soil plus tap water. Soils from the SMWW and SWW treatments were irrigated with 1000 mL of wastewater every 7 days from the first day onwards, making a total of 13 times overall. This means that a total amount of mineral N equivalent to 120 kg N ha-1 was added to each maize plant, i.e. the recommended amount of N fertilizer for maize. 

Sludge cake from municipal sewage treatment plant bContaminated soil collected near a PVC manufacturing plant... 

This study is in progress and gives only preliminary results. However, the application of multivariate analysis has already highlighted various geochemical characteristics and associations within soils collected over Mid-Pleistocene tills. Findings can be summarised as follows ... 

This equation can be solved if soil and plant material collected at time zero ( 13C soil initialan 13C ) and soil collected at the end of the experiment are analyzed for... 

Biological. No biodegradation of p BHC was observed under denitrifying and sulfate-reducing conditions in a contaminated soil collected from the Netherlands (Bachmann et al., 1988). In four successive 7-d incubation periods, p BHC (5 and 10 mg/L) was recalcitrant to degradation in a settled domestic wastewater inoculum (Tabak et al., 1981). 

In the laboratory, each soil sample (40 g) was transferred to a centrifuge bottle. Since the original purpose of the soil collection was to monitor specific organic compounds in the sludge-amended garden soils, a set of surrogate compounds was added to the soil prior to extraction to assess the extraction and cleanup recovery. 

Table VIII. Mean Concentrations (ppm) of Total Herbicides, Phenols and TCDD In Soils Collected In January and November 1978 from Selected Sites on the Herbicide Orange Storage Area, Naval Construction Battalion...

Root and leaf aqueous leachates of Ambrosia cumanensls did indeed produce a strong inhibition on the growth of weed species. Aqueous extracts of soil collected under A.cumanensls in July (during its flowering) were strongly allelopathic to weed growth. Decomposition of leaves and roots in pots caused inhibition of some weeds also. Microorganisms have a major role in this process, as shown by results from sterile and nonsterile soils (17). 

Table I. Wheat Bioassay Of Soxhlet Extracts of Wheat Soil Collected April 9,1985...

In order to obtain rapid metabolism and rapid heat generation from aromatic compounds related to lignin, several soil isolates were used. P. putida ATCC 11172 did not grow easily on compounds such as syringic acid and certain other compounds more lignin-like. However, soils collected locally yielded bacteria, first from enrichment cultures and then grown on plates or defined liquid culture, were able to combust the compounds listed in Table... 

D Diary farm where antibiotic use is restricted to instances of disease treatment as to minimize exposing humans to antibiotics through milk consumption. Soils collected from pens showed 0.9% resistant bacteria... 

The WRS Infrastructure Environment, Inc. (WRS), thermal desorption unit (TDU) is an ex situ contaminant separation and concentration technology that primarily treats contaminated soil. The contaminant is vaporized from the soil, collected, condensed, and placed into drums... 

TABLE 5.1 Description of morama and nonmorama bean soils collected from Namibia and Botswana... 

Five soils and leachate-sprayed soils from the Susquehanna River basin in Pennsylvania and New York had levels of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ranging from 0.001 to 1.2 mg/kg (Russell McDuffie, 1983). Contaminated soil in the Netherlands was found to contain up to 1.5 mg/kg dry matter (Warns, 1987). Residues of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in soil collected in the vicinity of a di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate manufacturing plant amounted to up to 0.5 mg/kg (Persson et al., 1978). 

Pouschat, P. and Zagury, G.J. (2006) In vitro gastrointestinal bioavailability of arsenic in soils collected near CCA-treated utility poles. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(13), 4317-23. 

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