Heart arrhythmia

Acetylenylpyrazoles were tested on antiarrhythmia aetivity (84MI1). The use 5 mg/kg of eompound 105 inhibited the development of aeonitine arrhythmia in 50% of animals. However, it failed to prevent heart arrhythmia. A dose of 15 mg/kg prevented or substantially inhibited the break of arrhythmie aetivity in about 75% of white rats. 

The term anaphylactic shock describes a severe generalized type I allergic reaction associated with cardiovascular shock, airway constriction and heart arrhythmias, which, if left untreated, may cause death. 

Bromo-a-ergosine 8 has remarkable activity on arterial hypertension, migraine and heart arrhythmias (refs. 21,22). The action of 2-bromo-9, 10-dihydro-a-ergosine 9 on heart arrhythmias is of a very long duration and of great stability (refs. 23, 24). 

Used in medical research to produce heart arrhythmia in experimental animals. 

In the elderly other reasons for episodic vertigo can be transient ischemic attacks, heart arrhythmias or viral infections causing vestibular neuritis. 

Adverse effects are usually due to excessive doses (which may occur if the initial increase in metabolism is too rapid) and correspond to symptoms of hyperthyroidism, but they usually disappear after dose reduction or withdrawal of treatment. The most common adverse effects affect the following system as Heart arrhythmias, anginal pain, Central nervous system headache, hyperactivity, sweating, tremor, heat intolerance, Gastrointestinal tract diarrhoea, excessive weight loss, vomiting, Musculoskeletal system muscle cramps, muscle weakness. 

Myocardial cell membrane ATPase, the enzyme present in heart muscle, is the site of action of the cardiac steroid glycosides, which have a specific action on the heart muscle. These drugs increase the force of contraction of the muscle (positive inotropic effect) as well as its conductivity and automaticity. They are also valuable in treating congestive heart failure, in which the circulatory needs of organs are no longer satisfied, and heart arrhythmias, in which the rhythm of the cardiac contractions is upset. The effect of the drug is that the force of contraction increases and the heart rate is slowed (chronotropic effect). Consequently, the cardiac output is elevated while the size of the heart decreases. 

Most of these drugs have anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth and problems with vision which appear early in the treatment. An overdose of these potent substances can produce seizures, coma and heart arrhythmias which could result in death. Acute poisoning is common. 

Rhubarb is contraindicated in cases of intestinal obturation, acute inflammatory intestinal disease, appendicitis, and abdominal pain of unknown origin. Spasmodic gastrointestinal complaints can occur as a side effect of the purgative effect of the drug. Long-term use leads to losses of electrolytes, in particular K+ ions, and as a result of this, to hyperaldosteronism, inhibition of intestinal motility, and enhancement of the effect of cardioactive steroids in rare cases it also leads to heart arrhythmias, nephropathies, edemas, and accelerated bone deterioration. 

A number of diseases occur when ion channels do not function properly. Some examples are epilepsy, cystic fibrosis, heart arrhythmia, and high blood pressure. Ion channels are also the target of many types of drugs and toxins, which can alter the fundamental communication between cells. see also Concentration Gradient Membrane Neurotransmitters Transmembrane Protein. 

The tricyclics become toxic at blood levels not much higher than their therapeutic ones. A 10-fold or more increase in concentration of a tricyclic could produce, among other things, a fatal heart arrhythmia, a severe drop in blood pressure, CNS depression, or a grand mal seizure. It could also cause abnormal mental reactions such as confusion, panic, mania, or even depression. 

The worker heart muscle cells (as opposed to the cells in the conduction system, which are also specialized muscle cells) are peculiar in using both Na and Ca in the depolarization phase of the action potential (Figure 5.8b, bottom). While they do not normally create action potentials themselves, under pathological conditions some of them may show spontaneous discharge. This depolarization may then spread across the entire heart (or parts of it) and interfere with normal and regular activity. While both calcium and sodium channel blockers have their applications in treating heart arrhythmias, the beauty of the sodium channel blockers is that they will not interfere with the activity of the regular pacemakers (since those essentially don t use sodium channels). Another beneficial feature was pointed out above Lidocaine extends the duration of the inacti-... 

Enantiomers/Structural Isomers. The particular optical isomer of a drug being used in a formulation is quite important. For example, quinine is used to treat malaria quinidine, its optical isomer, is used for heart arrhythmia. In 1985, Ciurczak observed that although pure d- and L-amino adds gave identical spectra, the racemic mixtures (dl-) produced an entirely different spectra. Some work was presented by Ciurczak in 1986, which was later expanded and published by Buchanan et al. in 1988, where the enantiomer ratio was determined via NIR. 

In people of all ages, potassium depletion below a certain level disrupts heart function, and death soon follows. Loss of other important electrolytes, magnesium, and calcium, may also contribute to heart arrhythmia and death. Dehydration tends to force a greater loss of potassium than of sodium, which raises the sodium level in all tissues, but most importantly in the heart muscle where it increases the risk of arrhythmia and death. 

Sodium deficiency symptoms include weakness, gas, nausea, vomiting, heart arrhythmias, attention deficit, poor memory, and difficulty in concentration. If this occurs in conjunction with dehydration, water should be given before the sodium deficit is taken care of. 

There are several articles describing the appropriate treatment for heart arrhythmias occurring in the course of a phenol peel. ... 

Unlike other LA, lidocaine has an anticonvulsant action through the competitive inhibition of the subcortical receptors (0.5-4 mg/ml). It stabilizes the heartbeat an intravenous injection of lidocaine is an effective treatment for heart arrhythmias resulting from phenol intoxication. 

Adrenaline is contraindicated in cases of diabetes, hyperthyroidism, serious heart arrhythmias and coronary insufficiency or in combination with beta-blockers or monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Lidocaine with adrenaline has a very rapid onset of action. Its duration of action is longer than that of lidocaine without adrenaline. However, inadvertent injection of a lidocaine-adrenaline solution into the vessels located near the nerve trunks increases the heart rate (immediate sinus tachycardia at over 130 beats per minute, spontaneously reversible in around 15 minutes) and increases ventricular excitability (risk of fibrillation). It can trigger angina attacks that may lead to a heart attack. It is therefore preferable not to use adrenaline before a full-face phenol peel. 

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