Health protection unit

Preliminary information on possible noxa from industrial plants, agricultural farms, domestic cases from the different regions, which could have caused mass poisonings under specific circumstances. This information should be available currently and be presented to the leadership of health protection units in the region. 

The leadership of the health protection units in the region should in advance have a reserve of buildings and premises to develop additional hospital facilities in cases of exceptionally mass character of the poisoning. 

The emergency medicine clinician should consider discussion with the local health protection unit. Other sources of advice include ... 

Control HPA = Health Protection Agency HPU = Health Protection Unit PPE = personal protective equipment... 

BBV, biood-borne virus ED, Emergency Department GP, general practitioner HPU, Health Protection Unit NHS, National Health Service. From Health Protection Agency. 

If a biological release incident is suspected the local health protection unit (HPU) must be contacted urgently. They will be responsible for contacting the police and establishing command and control as well as seeking further expert advice regarding any potential pathogens that may be implicated (Box 4.14). 

United States Congress, Public Eaw 101-549, MnMct toMmend the Clean Air Met to Provide for Attainment and Maintenance of Health Protective National Ambient Air Quality Standards, andfor Other Purposes, Nov. 15,1990. 

Table 4.9 Proposed Lead Criteria for the Protection of Natural Resources and Human Health Resource, (units), and Other Variables Criterion Reference8... 

In achieving this target, all countries should seek common, science-based, international standards. FSIS should continue to ensure that equivalent inspection systems and standards for meat and poultry products exist in all countries exporting such products to the United States, especially in light of the better US safety standards expected under Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP). FDA also should evaluate the food safety systems of other countries, with the purpose of entering into agreements with those countries having food safety systems that offer equivalent levels of public health protection to those of the United States or that can provide assurance that their products will be in compliance with FDA requirements. 

For radionuclides, NCRP reaffirms use of a best estimate (MLE) of the response probability obtained from a linear or linear-quadratic model as derived from data in humans, principally the Japanese atomic-bomb survivors. This model essentially is linear at the low doses of concern to waste classification. Specifically, for purposes of health protection of the public, NCRP reaffirms use of a probability coefficient for fatal cancers (probability per unit effective dose) of 0.05 Sv 1 (ICRP, 1991 NCRP, 1993a). Although this probability coefficient is less rigorous for intakes of some long-lived radionuclides that are tenaciously retained in the body than for other exposure situations, such as external exposure or intakes of short-lived radionuclides (Eckerman et al., 1999), it is adequate for the purpose of generally classifying waste, especially when the lack of data on cancer risks in humans for most chemicals is considered. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Good Laboratory Standards for Health Effects, United States Federal Register, Vol. 54 No. 158, 34067-34074, August 17, 1989. 

Metrology is the science of measurements and one of today s key sciences. It is of fundamental importance in industry and trade, but also in the environmental, consumer, and health protection beld. The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was set up by the Convention of the Metre (Fig. 7.1). The task of the BIPM is to provide worldwide uniformity of measurements and their trace-ability to the International System of Units (SI), the basis for a coherent common... 

Health Protection Agency (UK) (2005a) Meningococcal Reference Unit, laboratory confirmed Neisseria meningitidis England and Wales, by age group, 1989/1990 to 2004/2005. Available at http //www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics az/meningo/ data meni t02.htm [Accessed 3 July 2008],... 

Source Reprinted from Health Canada, Health Protection Branch consultative document on draft proposals-sub-jects (1) fortification of flour and pasta with folic acid, (2) harmonization of flour enrichment with the United States of America, (3) optional enrichment of flour. 

Many substances emit light by radiothermoluminescence (RTL) if they are exposed to ionizing radiation and then warmed. Most studies of this phenomenon involve inorganic materials, although organic materials such as amino acids and enzymes (24,25) also exhibit RTL. Thermoluminescence has been observed recently in PNA compounds (26). This latter work has prompted the investigation of RTL for possible use in health protection measurements. For most applications, samples collected in the work area would be placed in a solvent before introducing them to the RTL unit. 

Some organizations, including the Canadian Health Protection Branch and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), act as observers to the conference working committees, and their input is also influential in the guideline-setting process. In addition, the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations (IFPMA) acts as an umbrella organization and provides the ICH secretariat to coordinate the preparation of documentation. 

Abbreviations. CAM, complementary and alternative medicine DSHEA, Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act EEC, European Economic Community ESCOP, European Societies Cooperative of Phytotherapy HPB, Health Protection Branch NCCAM, Natiohal Cehter for Complementary and Alternative Medicine OTC, over the counter U.S. FDA, United States Food and Drug Administration WHO, World Health Organization. 

Other studies have found that immunisation has no effect or even a protective effect on IgE-mediated disease. In contrast to the studies that found that the pertussis vaccine increased IgE-mediated disease, two studies formd that the pertussis vaccine had no effect on asthma and allergies. In a large prospective cohort study in the Avon health Authority, United Kingdom, there was no increased risk for wheezing illnesses in vaccinated children [172(1110]. In a randomised double-blind controlled trial of pertussis vaccine in Sweden, the crunulative incidence of IgE-mediated disease was similar in the three vaccination and placebo groups [164(Ib)]. 

Linear extrapolation of the cancer incidence with dose rate without a threshold, leading to the determination of a risk per unit dose, and a corresponding dose corresponding to a specified risk level [risk-specific dose (RSD), e.g., the era s IV-nitrosodimethylamine, (ERA 2009a)]. This approach is used by the ERA for chenucals that are known to act via a mutagenic MOA, and for chemicals for which the MOA is not known, as a health-protective default. 

Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research Health Protection Agency Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom... 

---