Electrical hazard

After obtaining the prototypes, tests must be made to determine the utility. Generally these include a short time destructive test to determine the strength and to check out the basic design. Another test that is done is to use the product in the projected environment with stress levels increased in a rational manner to make for an accelerated life test. Other tests may include consumer acceptance tests to determine what instructions in proper use are required, tests for potential safety hazards, electrical tests, self-extinguishing tests, and any others that the product requires. In the case of high risk products, the test program is continued even after the product enters service. 

For complete definitions and classification of hazardous electrical environments, consult Article 500 of the NEC. 

The design requirements for intrinsically safe would seem to be demanding, and a review of NFPA 493 enforces this fact. Today s industrial environment imposes additional requirements not only on the use of intrinsically safe electrical circuits, but other hazardous electrical techniques as well. These requirements are due to the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the employer s increasing vulnerability for liability. 

Optocouplers are a class of devices with input current (/ ) and output current (70) coupled optically, but isolated electrically. They are used extensively in the automation industry and in laboratory equipments where large common-mode noise/voltage or hazardous electrical shocks are present in circuits between transducers detectors and controlling equipments. The simplest optocoupler is composed of an LED (input) and a photodiode (output) as shown in Figure 1.19. 

Accessory materials and equipment used to process and apply epoxy adhesives can also be hazardous. Solvents that are used either to dilute the epoxy adhesive or to clean equipment after use can be both dangerous and toxic. Mixing equipment can run at very fast speeds, and caution needs to be exercised when one is operating such equipment. Curing equipment often runs at high temperatures and can create a fire or explosion hazard. Electrical hazards are also associated with most equipment. 

Procedures Conformance Loss of utilities Vessels Identification Relief devices Review of incidents Inspections, tests Hazards Electrical Process operating ranges... 

The process of risk assessment generally involves considering different classes of hazard such as physical hazards, electrical hazards, biological hazards, radiation hazards (where appropriate), and hazards due to service failure. Each of these classes is then analyzed in detail to determine the acceptability of associated risks. 

P036 Non Hazardous Electrical Classification ELEC HAZRD C 1 1 yes(true) 0 no(false)... 

The majority of analytical systems required for the petrochemical and refining industries are located in Hazardous Electrical Locations. 

J. M. Adams, Type N apparatus and its use in Zone 2 areas of hazard. Electrical safety in hazardous environments. lEE Conference 1 to 3 December 1982. Conference Publication No. 218, pages 80 to 86. IEEE Savoy Place, London, WC2 OBL ISBN 0 852-96267-3... 

Yellow (black symbols and text) Hazard (risk of danger) bHfication of hazards (electrical, explosive, radiation, chemical, vehicle, etc.) Warning of threshold, low passages, obstacles... 

General nonchemical safety hazards, electric-powered equipment, walking surfaces, hot and cold temperature-related hazards... 

Noncode wiring and switches present an explosion hazard (electrical spark) and a shock hazard (especially if there is water on the floor). 

ELECTRICAL SAFETY — FOCUS FOUR HAZARD — ELECTRICAL-1... 

J. J. KELLER S CONSTRUCTION TOOLBOX TALKS Focus Four Hazard — Electrical... 

Electrical Safety — Focus Four Hazard Electrical Sign-Off Sheet... 

This sign-off sheet documents the names of employees who attended this training session on Focus Four Hazard— Electrical at this company, ... 

Electrical hazard, safety-toe shoes are nonconductive and will prevent employees feet from completing an electrical circuit to the ground. They can protect employees against open circuits of up to 600 volts in dry conditions. Electrical hazard, safety-toe shoes should be used in conjunction with other insulating equipment and precautions to reduce or eliminate the potential for employees bodies or parts of their bodies to provide a path for hazardous electrical energy. Note Nonconductive footwear must not be used in explosive or hazardous locations in such locations, electrically conductive shoes are required. Train employees to recognize that the insulating protection of electrical hazard, safety-toe shoes may be compromised if... 

E) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards. 

D) Employing insulating protective equipment or barricades to guard against any remaining hazardous electrical potential differences. 

Q. 2 On a construction worksite where there are subcontractors and a general contractor, which employer has the right to take a hazardous electrical cord out of service ... 

Only voltages up to and including mains voltage (220/240 V) will be considered in detail in this chapter and the three principal electrical hazards - electric shock, electric burns and electrical fires and explosions. 

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