Hazards Administration

Short development time Allocate enough time for development may result in a less than, more time-efficient PEIA techniques complete knowledge of the hazards administrative controls to decide when to go to full scale production Establish minimum requirements transfer package for process knowledge Require development chemist to be present during initial product runs API RP 750 CCPS G-1 CCPS G-10 CCPS G-25... 

Controls come in all forms, from engineering devices and administrative policy to personal protective equipment (PPE). The best controls can be placed on equipment prior to involving people and, thus, either preclude or guard the workforce against hazards. Administrative controls rely on individuals to follow policies, guidelines, and procedures in order to control hazards and exposure to hazards. But, as we all know, this certainly provides no guarantees that the protective policies and procedures will be adhered to unless effective supervision and enforcement exist. Again,... 

Workplace rules and safe work practices are considered administrative controls (Table 11-3). We use administrative controls to decide other measures that are aimed at minimizing exposure to hazards. Such measures can include longer rest breaks, additional substitute employees, exercise breaks to vary body motions, or rotation of employees through different jobs to reduce or even out exposure to hazards. Administrative controls are normally used in conjunction with other controls that more directly prevent or control exposure to hazards [2]. 

Substitution results in using a less hazardous substance or less dangerous equipment. Isolation results in moving either workers or hazardous operations to reduce risks. Work practices include policies or rules that can reduce human exposure to a hazard. Administrative controls limit human exposure through use of rotation and scheduling. Only consider PPE when other controls prove inadequate. 

Administrative controls) are used to communicate actions necessary to minimize any exposure to hazards. Administrative methods are used to advise, warn, train, alert, etc., that a hazard(s) exist and the protocols and procedures are to be used. Administrative methods attempt to reduce active human error potential by behavioral controls. 

For chemical faciUties in the United States, hazard analysis is not an option if inventories of hazardous chemicals are maintained in amounts greater than the threshold quantities specified by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulation 1910.119. Many faciUties are finding that hazard analysis has many benefits. The process or procedure often works better, the quaUty of the product is improved, the process experiences less down time, and the employees feel more comfortable in the work environment after a hazard analysis has been completed. 

Mock OSHA Inspection. Maintenance can learn a lot about how the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) trains thein inspectors and what is emphasized in an OSHA inspection. Some of the training of OSHA inspectors follows a program involving the recognition of potential hazards, avoidance of these hazards, and prevention of accidents (RAP). 

Code of Federal Regulations, Tide 29, part 1910.1200, OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, D.C. 

Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals Tide 29, Subtitie B, Chapt. XVII, Part 1910, Subpart H, Paragraph 119, of the Code ofFederal Regulations (29 CER 1910.119), FederalRegisterhl >()) 6403, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Feb. 24, 1992). 

Transportation Department DOT Coast Guard Eederal Aviation Administration (EAA) highway, railroad, and maritime adininistration hazardous material shipping... 

Hazards Following Ground Deicing and Ground Operations in Conditions Conductive to Aircraft Icing," FAA Advisory Circular, AC 20-117, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, D.C., Dec. 17, 1982. 

Regulations. The U.S. Bureau of Mines, Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (MESA) studies hazards and advises on accident prevention. MESA also adrninisters laws dealing with safety in mines. Individual states may also have departments of mines to adrninister state standards. 

Ronald E. Hester is Professor of Chemistry in the University of York. He was for short periods a research fellow in Cambridge and an assistant professor at Cornell before being appointed to a lectureship in chemistry in York in 1965. He has been a full professor in York since 1983. His more than 300 publications are mainly in the area of vibrational spectroscopy, latterly focusing on time-resolved studies of photoreaction intermediates and on biomolecular systems in solution. He is active in environmental chemistry and is a founder member and former chairman of the Environment Group of the Royal Society of Chemistry and editor of Industry and the Environment in Perspective (RSC, 1983) and Understanding Our Environment (RSC, 1986). As a member of the Council of the UK Science and Engineering Research Council and several of its sub-committees, panels and boards, he has been heavily involved in national science policy and administration. He was, from 1991-93, a member of the UK Department of the Environment Advisory Committee on Hazardous Substances and is currently a member of the Publications and Information Board of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 

Consult with experts on the hazards and on technical, administrative and legal requirements. 

Operation includes nonual start-up, normal and emergency shutdown, and most activities performed by die production team. Whilst inlierently safe plant design limits inventories of hazardous substances, inherently safe operation ensures die number of individuals at risk are minimized. Access to die plant for non-essendal operational people such as maintenance engineers, post staff, administrators, quality control samplers, warehouse staff delivering raw material or plant items or collecting finished product, members of security, visitors etc., must be controlled. 

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