Hazard analysis checklist

Table 3.3.1-3 Simplified Process Hazards Analysis Checklist ...

Several qualitative approaches can be used to identify hazardous reaction scenarios, including process hazard analysis, checklists, chemical interaction matrices, and an experience-based review. CCPS (1995a p. 176) describes nine hazard evaluation procedures that can be used to identify hazardous reaction scenarios-checklists, Dow fire and explosion indices, preliminary hazard analysis, what-if analysis, failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), HAZOP study, fault tree analysis, human error analysis, and quantitative risk analysis. 

FIGURE 24.3 PPE hazard analysis checklist. (Source Courtesy of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.)... 

FEED stage At the initial FEED stage, PFDs, certain equipment, etc. are fixed and it is in the process of development of a P. ID. At this stage, preliminary hazard analysis, checklists, etc. are utilized for PHA. Then, slowly instrumentation is developed based on layers of protections desired as a safeguard and interlock. 

Process Hazards Analysis. Analysis of processes for unrecogni2ed or inadequately controUed ha2ards (see Hazard analysis and risk assessment) is required by OSHA (36). The principal methods of analysis, in an approximate ascending order of intensity, are what-if checklist failure modes and effects ha2ard and operabiHty (HAZOP) and fault-tree analysis. Other complementary methods include human error prediction and cost/benefit analysis. The HAZOP method is the most popular as of 1995 because it can be used to identify ha2ards, pinpoint their causes and consequences, and disclose the need for protective systems. Fault-tree analysis is the method to be used if a quantitative evaluation of operational safety is needed to justify the implementation of process improvements. 

The next sections of the checklist are based on the structure of the Technical Guidance for Hazards Analysis, and include ... 

Included in OSH As JHA Booklet, 3071, is a good description of a process hazard analysis (PHA) [1]. This is being used in the Process Safety Management (PSM) program (29 CER 1910.119) to understand how hazards exist. There are some good methods listed in the manual that can be used to conduct a JHA. As you review each method you can determine which one may be useful for your operation. The typical method chosen is the checklist. 

The what if/checklist is a broadly based hazard assessment technique that combines the creative thinking of a selected team of specialists with the methodical focus of a prepared checklist. The result is a comprehensive hazard analysis that is useful in training operating personnel on the hazards of the particular operation. 

V Process hazard analysis (PHA) must be performed by a team of experts, including engineers, chemists, operators, industrial hygienists, and other appropriate and experienced specialists. The PHA needs to include a method that fits the complexity of the process, a hazards and operability (HAZOP) study for a complex process, and for less complex processes a less rigorous process, such as what-if scenarios, checklists, failure mode and effects analysis, or fault trees. 

Process hazard analysis (PHA) Any of a number of techniques for understanding and managing the risk of a chemical process or plant. Examples of PHA techniques include HAZOP, checklists, what-if methods, fault tree analysis, event tree analysis, and others. 

The facility is subjected to a process hazard analysis commensurate to the level of hazard the facility represents (i.e., Checklist, PHA, HAZOP, What-If review, Event Tree, FMEA, etc.). The results of these analyses are fully understood and acknowledged by facility management. Where high risk events are identified, quantifiable risk estimation and effects of mitigation measures should be evaluated and applied if productive. 

This checklist may be used to stimulate the thinking of inherent safety review and process hazard analysis teams, and any other individuals or groups working on process improvements. It is intended to promote "blue-sky" or "out-of the-box" thinking, and to generate ideas that might be usable in an existing facility or a "plant of the future" concept. 

Methods for performing hazard analysis and risk assessment include safety review, checklists, Dow Fire and Explosion Index, what-if analysis, hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP), failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis, and event tree analysis. Other methods are also available, but those given are used most often. 

Earlier method of identifying hazards involved a procedure consisting of asking questions such as what if This approach consists of questioning the proper function at every stage of the process, along with consequences or the remedial features. A checklist for the simplified process hazard analysis by the what if method is shown in Table 3.3. Although this method is an old method of hazard analysis compared with other methods such as hazop or fault tree analysis it has proven to be quite useful. 

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