Hand disinfection hygienic

Hygienic hand disinfection. Hygienic hand disinfection is a term used to denote the killing and removal of transient microorganisms on the skin, i.e. those germs that literally come and go and which do not therefore form part of the resident skin population. Essentially, hygienic hand disinfection is a measure to prevent the transmission of these organisms. It can be achieved in two ways. 

Hygienic and surgical hand disinfection The former is required after a suspected contamination, the latter before surgical procedures. Alcohols, mixtures of alcohols and phenols, cationic surfactants, or acids are available for this purpose. Admixture of other agents prolongs duration of action and reduces flammability. 

ML Rotter, W Roller, G Wewalka, et al. Evaluation of procedures for hygienic hand-disinfection controlled parallel experiments on the Vienna test model. J Hygiene Cambridge 1986 96 27-37. 

GAJ Ayliffe, JR Babb and AH Quoraishi. A test for hygienic hand disinfection. J Clin Pathol 31 923-928, 1978. 

M Rotter, W Koller, G Wewalka. Povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate-containing detergents for disinfection of hands. J Hosp Infect 2 149-158, 1980. ML Rotter, W Koller, G Wewalka, HP Werner, GAJ Ayliffe, JR Babb. Evaluation of procedures for hygienic hand-disinfection controlled parallel experiments on the Vienna test model. J Hyg Camb 96 27-37, 1986. 

Rotter ML. Hygienic hand disinfection. Infect Control 5(l) 18-22, 1984. 

SWB Newsom, C Rowland. Application of the hygienic hand-disinfection test to the gloved hand. J Hosp Infect 14 245-247, 1989. 

AZ Sheena, ME Stiles. Efficacy of germicidal handwash agents in hygienic hand disinfection. J Food Prot 45 713-720, 1982. 

Hand washing, or preferably hand disinfection reduces HAIs in different settings, and is one of the key measures for preventing CLABSI. Regular audits on compliance with hand hygiene should be performed. Alcohol-based waterless products or the combination of antiseptic soap and water are preferred. The use of gloves does not obviate hand hygiene [11]. 

Use ofa hygienic hand rub, in which a suitable disinfectant or disinfectant-detergent is rubbed into dry hands for not more than 30 seconds. A suitable test method is to compare a product with a standard (70% ethanol or 60% isopropanol) the product must not be less effective than the standard. 

Decontaminate hands either by applying a hygienic hand rub or by washing with a disinfectant soap before and after direct contact with the patient or with objects immediately around the patient. 

Fliigge introduced the distinction between the surgical and the hygienic disinfection of hands. 

These application fields exclude areas and situations where disinfection is medically indicated, and also exclude products used on living tissues except those for the hand hygiene in the above-mentioned areas. 

Products used for the hand and skin disinfection ought to increase their bactericidal (vegetative phases), fungicidal, and virucidal efficacies. They should deliver their effects more rapidly, and they should exert no toxic effects on the skin. Disinfectant solutions used for the hygienic handrub mainly consist of alcohols (II, 1.), halogens (II, 21.2.), phenolics (II, 7.), or PVP-iodine (II, 21.2.12.), and are frequently combined with other ingredients. Products used for the surgical handrub mainly consist of alcohols, such as ethanol 80%, isopropanol 70%, n-propanol 60%i, or mixtures of those. 

In its core interventions for BSI reduction, the CDC advocates patient education. Main components are (1) hand hygiene and basic infection control practices during catheter accessing process (e.g., aseptic technique, masks, hub disinfection), (2) access care at home, (3) role of and risks associated with catheters, and (4) knowing signs and symptoms of infection and when to notify the physician. Despite mixed results in other studies, Cheng et al. [10] described a 40% lower risk of hospitalization due to infection and a 51% mortality reduction in patients with chronic kidney disease who received a multidisciplinary education prior to dialysis onset. We conclude that patient education is a valuable tool in the prevention of CLABSIs. 

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