Guy wires

Guyed Stack - This type is usually the least expensive to build but in some cases the guy wires result in restrictions on the use of adjacent land, in addition to normal spacing restrictions. 

I xtemal inspection criteria are provided by these standards for foundation and supports, anchor bolts, concrete or steel supports, guy wires, nozzles, sprinklers pipe hangers, . rouiuling coiiiiee(ions, protective coatings, insulation, and external metal surfaces. 

A wooden or metal containment box surrounding the treated area is commonly used when a small quantity of test material is to be applied. The box, typically rectangular in shape and partially buried beneath the soil surface, serves to isolate the treated area from surrounding soil and protect against wind and water erosion. A one- to two-nozzle application boom that moves along guy wires or tracks is often used to ensure even application. Radiolabeled materials having two or more label positions often serve as replicates in these studies. 

Guyed. An elevated flare with the riser is supported by cables. Cables are attached to the flare riser at one or more elevations to limit the deflection of the structure. The cables (guy-wires) are typically positioned in a triangular plan to provide strong support. 

The average distillation column at a typical refinery or petrochemical plant is probably 1 to 4 m in diameter and 15 to 50 m tall. Some columns, however, are 15 m in diameter and can extend to a height of 100 m. Columns taller than this are unfeasible to construct and erect. In addition, column height-to-diameter ratios greater than 30 are uncommon because of the support problems encountered with tall, thin columns. Most distillation columns in industrial service are bolted onto thick concrete slabs. Tall, thin columns can employ guy wires for extra support when shell thicknesses are insufficient to prevent excessive sway in the face of high winds. 

Roofing, culverts, housing, appliances, auto body panels and components, nails, guy wire, rope, utility wire and fencing Auto body panels and structural components Auto body panels and structural components, housing, appliances and fasteners... 

A water tank storage device can be built, very much like those used to store methane in some rural areas. This consists of an inverted drum or tank within another tank or drum that is filled with water. As the gas fills the inner tank, the inner tank floats upwards in the water, and is kept from tilting by guide rails or guy wires. A stop keeps the tank from rising totally out of the water. For a more permanent setup, round concrete spring tiles can be put in the ground and a inverted tank inserted for larger area... 

When the tower is very high, it is sometimes desirable to maintain stability by means of guy wires rather than a large foundation. Although it is not uncommon to find two or even three sets of guy wires on one stack, towers seldom have more than one set, and even these are rare. This discussion, therefore, will be confined to towers with one set of guy wires. 

Four guy wires are usually used for each set, although in some instances three, and in others as many as six have been used. They are attached to a rigid collar which is located at a point approximately 2/3 (sometimes 3/4) of the tower height above the foundation. 

The maximum pull on the guy wire occurs when the wind blows along that wire. Each wire must be designed to take care of the entire wind reaction at the collar. 

The actual vertical component will be a function of the total pull on the guy wire, which is the sum of the pull by wind pressure and the initial tension as follows ... 

The vertical component of the pull on the guy wire can be expressed in any of the following ways ... 

It was shown by equation (11-1) that the total soil loading, to be considered in the design of tower foundations, is the sum of Si, the dead load, and S2, the load caused by the overturning or wind moment. There is no overturning moment on guyed towers however, the wind pressure does have an important effect on the foundation, as the soil is required to resist the vertical component of the pull on the guy wires. 

Guy wires to stabilize a tree need to have sheaths where they contact the tree to better transmit forces to the tree without damage. 

The screw-in, auger, or helical anchor uses one or more single-turn helical plates attached to a rigid shaft to screw itself into the soil. This anchor system was developed for use on land to anchor guy wires for towers and poles. It has had limited use on the seabed to anchor pipelines and cables. Anchor penetration is dependent upon reaction force and torque from the drive unit in addition to soil strength. 

ASTM], American Petroleum Institute [API], NFPA, Factory Mutual [FM], American Society of Mechanical Engineers [ASME], American National Standards Institute [ANSI], Cl, EC), including non-equipment items such as criteria for inspection of foundations and supports, anchor bolts, pipe hangers, guy wires, grounding connections, nozzles and sprinklers, insulation, protective coatings, external surfaces of vessels, insulation, etc. 

Before you begin work, survey the jobsite to find overhead power lines, poles, and guy wires. Look for lines that may be hidden by trees or buildings. Conditions change, so check daily. 

The applicable codes and standards provide criteria for external inspections for such items as foundation and supports, anchor bolts, concrete or steel supports, guy wires, nozzles and sprinklers, pipe hangers, grounding connections, protective coatings and insulation, and external metal surfaces of piping and vessels, etc. These codes and standards also provide information on methodologies for internal inspection, and a frequency formula based on the corrosion rate of the materials of construction. Also, erosion both internal and external needs to be considered along with corrosion effects for piping and valves. Where... 

FIGURE 10.228 The Ufer ground system as applied to a transmission-tower base or guy-wire anchor point. When using this type of ground system, bond ail rebar securely to prevent arcing in the presence of large surge currents. (After... 

Ruling out an aU-galvanized system, the next best scheme uses galvanized wire (guy-wire material) to tie the guy wires together. Just above the soil, Cadweld the galvanized wire to a copper conductor that... 

Figure 10.236 illustrates the proper way to bond guy wires to the buried ground system. The lead is dressed straight down from the topmost to the lowest guy. It should conform as close to vertical as possible, and be dressed downward from the lower side of each guy wire after connecting to each wire (Fig. 10.234). To ensure that no arcing will occur through the turnbuclde, a connection from the anchor plate to the perimeter ground circle is recommended. No. 2 gauge copper wire is recommended. This helps minimize the unavoidable inductance created by the conductor being in the air. Interconnect leads that are suspended in air must be dressed so that no bending radius is less than 8 in.

Usually three or four sets of guy wires are equally spaced around the vessel. For vessels up to 50 ft in heiglil one cable is used in each position for vi ssels 75 ft in height two cables are often U-sed in emdi )osition tor ves a oyer 75 ft in height three or more ca es llre commonly used in each position. These wires are altiudied to a rigid collar usually located at two thirds and sometimes three quarters the height of the vessel. 

If four sets of n number of guy wires are used on the vessel and if alk wance is made for a wind load from any dir Lion, each s l slmuld be designed to carry tins load in addition to the initial tension hiad. The guy wires are usually connoted to the vessel so as to make an angle, 6, with the vertical of from 30 to 70. Therefore, the total tensile force, in ch guy wire on the upwind side will be ... 

The ooinpressive stress fry induced in the shell by the vertie.nl conipoiienl of the guy wires must l e added io the cmu >ressive stresses from dead weight, and so on in analyzing the combined stresses in the vessel. 

To calculate the size of guy wire required when four cables are used, by Eq. 9.29,... 

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